Three and a half stars, rounded up. I was very interested to read Lee Smith's treatment of the tragedy at Highland Hospital in Asheville that resulted in the death of Zelda Fitzgerald, as it has been a subject that has intrigued me (as all things Asheville do). I've read about it a bit myself, though not nearly to the thorough extent Ms. Smith has, as evidenced by her "Note on Sources." Though she opens the book with the AP news report of the 1948 fire at Highland Hospital, and the first page of chapter one begins with the narrator saying she has intended for years to write her own impressions of Zelda Fitzgerald and "to bring a certain insight and new information" to the horrific tragedy, Smith doesn't really accomplish that. What she has done instead is to create a fascinating character, Evalina Toussaint, and placed her in the halls of the hospital for "nervous diseases" at the time of Zelda's on and off again treatment there.
Though the reader feels she comes to know Evalina, she and her past remain a bit mysterious. She seems a reliable and honest narrator - a good student, an industrious worker, one who follows rules and doesn't buck the system. Is she actually damaged by her past and her genetic heritage? For Evalina certainly was a hard luck story - the daughter of a courtesan who loved her, but whose own mental health was fragile, and raised in the red light district of New Orleans, while being taught by the nuns at the Catholic school. Her surroundings improve when her mother becomes mistress to a wealthy man who puts them up in a home of their own, but it is only a brief respite until she is orphaned and her mother's lover sends her off to Highland Hospital. Evalina had been traumatized by her mother's death and couldn't speak or eat, and thus she became a patient and a ward at the hospital. She manages to escape the insulin shock treatments by her own wariness and cunning, but observes the effects on others. Mrs. Carroll, the wife of the medical director of Highland, takes Evalina under her wing and tutors her in the piano, eventually sending her off to study at the Peabody Institute, and attempts to direct the course of her life. But Evalina falls prey to other elemental desires and leaves her studies, following a lover to Paris and back and eventually to New Orleans again, until she has a collapse of her own and ends up back in Highland (the mechanics of which are never quite satisfactorily explained).
The bulk of the action takes place in Asheville, in and around Highland Hospital, and we meet many of the patients, or 'guests', and staff from both Evalina's childhood and adult years. Smith has the ability to make them all distinct individuals, but, alas, there are too many of them to be able to keep up with! Part of this may be the very environment that a hospital would engender - patients are always coming and leaving, so of course Evalina is always making new friends, only to have them return to their own homes. For Evalina, Highland becomes her home. But I found myself having to try to remember the salient details of the various mental patients who walked through these pages and not confuse the many characters. Zelda Fitzgerald is only one, but as the celebrity centerpiece she is given special accord, much as she is treated as a patient at Highland. Smith has done a good job, I feel, in the depiction of Zelda and made her behavior seem believable, but Zelda is not the focus of the novel. As well as the patients, several of the doctors and staff become significant characters, and here Smith blends fact and fiction, because, like Zelda, several are actually real people. I wished that Smith had given more background in her acknowledgements about some of these real life characters, and how she had fleshed them out. There are also some real people I think I recognize whose names she has changed.
Smith is excellent at placing the hospital in its setting. For one who knows the area, the places are easy to recognize, but, more than that, she evokes the beauty of the mountains and a bit of the wildness of Appalachia. She gets the flora right (there is a good bit of work in the garden and walks in the woods) and manages to convey the lovely mix of wildflowers and cultivated this area is blessed with. The characters Ella Jean and Pan most embody the native mountain folk, with Pan being as elemental as his name evokes, more than just a 'mountain man,' but one who is at one with nature and beasts. In another culture he would be considered a shaman. Evalina is inexorably drawn to the deep peace at the center of his strangeness, yet I found her attraction unconvincing, especially after her experiences with Joey and then Freddy. I didn't find her romantic attachments compelling, though I can't say why, particularly. The feelings weren't convincing somehow, especially when she is courting Freddy and going off to Pan's lair at the same time.
The most disappointing part of the book is the ending. We know from the outset that the story is progressing to the devastating fire at Highland. But this, both its causes and aftereffects, are given short shrift, a mere five and a half pages at the end of the book. The last chapter, slightly more than two pages, didn't seem believable at all. It was as if, after finally getting to the fire, the author decided to end the book, though the story wasn't over. Evalina's postscript was hardly satisfying, as well as unconvincing.
This is a book that is beautiful at times, intriguingly giving a glimpse into an expensive and highly regarded mental institution of the 1930's and 40's, without overly indulging in the horrors of either mental illness or the now cruel-seeming archaic treatments of the time. The characters, though often difficult and downright wacky, are made real and sympathetic. Zelda is seen in both her bright and dark moments. Evalina herself, though we feel we have come to know her, remains elusive still. The question lurks in the background - were women who just didn't fit into societal norms considered ill and needing rehabilitation? The sad conclusion was too often a yes.