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256 pages, Hardcover
First published August 16, 2007
"These days some British historians put forward the argument that colonialism was a good thing, lighting the world’s path to progress. I have to say that I am not, by and large, of that persuasion. Over thirty-five years travelling in Asia, Africa and the Americas, seeing things on the ground, has given me a different perspective, and has left me with the conviction that its impact has been largely destructive.."Recognizing the complexity of the issue, and resisting efforts to paint history in a black-and-white manner, Woods also pays tribute to the legacy of the British here:
"This is not to deny the complex and profound legacy of the British: above all, the English language, but also English ideas of secular law, education and constitutional government, the first attempt comprehensively to solve one of the great issues of Indian history – the source of secular authority. For all the political struggles since 1947, Indian democracy has been a remarkable success in sustaining an open society and making astonishing inroads in such a short time into the deep-seated injustices of the caste system. In sixty years the idea of secular democracy has powerfully taken root.
Another legacy was practical: the communications network. India is a huge country; it is a 1000-mile journey by rail from Delhi to Calcutta, and the same distance from Calcutta down to Madras. Such developments also helped shape the political and psychological unity of India: indeed, perhaps the very possibility of a single Indian state only arose as a workable idea because the British made it so. But perhaps the most fateful legacy of the British was to open India irrevocably to a wider world: to force Indians to redefine their age-long civilization in terms of the secular ideals of the West..."
Unlike the West in the age of Galileo, India was not traumatised by the revelation that the universe is infinite and the human place in it tiny. That all things, the gods too, are subject to cycles of cosmic destruction over aeons of time and that human life is a pool of light in an infinite darkness.
The word "civilisation" is a very problematical word with many shades of meaning, but to historians and archaeologists, it means living in cities, large-scale, highly organised societies, monumental architecture, law and writing.
Then after several centuries of stability, the cities declined, trade collapsed and urban life itself ended. Why the Indus cities died is one of the greatest mysteries in archaeology... They believe an ancient river dried up due to a declining strength in the summer monsoon, i.e. climate change shifted the centre of gravity of Indian history.
Ultimately, inner happiness, inner satisfaction, must create by oneself. You could be a billionaire, but deep inside, very lonely person, very lonely feeling. So therefore, as a human being, regardless believe or non-believer these inner human value is very essential in order to have happier individual, happier family, happier society or happier nation[My grammar is fine, I quoted him literally with his grammar mistakes]
All created things must pass. Strive on diligently.
One the 1st of October 331 BC, the greatest battle of antiguity was fought near the little village of Gaugamela. A true war of the worlds.
"In war everyone suffers. There is killing and injury. People are cut off forever from the ones they love. War is a tragedy for everyone." said Asoka. Asoka had hit on one of the most dangerous ideas in history, non-violence and turned to Buddhism.
All we human beings, whatever our station in life, share the same human values. Love of parents, respect for elders, kindness and attachment to friends and neighbours, even to servants and slaves... from now on, I desire non-violence for all creatures and I resolve to conquer by persuasion alone