About the title "who am i and if so how many?" and how enticing It seemed to be... after all the traumatizing experiences out of my control that happened in the past two years, i need to come up with strategies to forge my indentity, to reinvent myself in order to achieve some sort of balance, or try as hard as i can to go back to my "normal self". So there was the trigger.
But at the end, it's a book that it's not existential to that degree but comprises the road traveled by philosophy throughout the centuries and the most important/ well known philosophical questions and how they can, nowadays, be refuted or confirmed by neuroscience, unifying science to logical thought. And then there is a whole discourse about several moral issues faced by humanity dismantled to a point that you are sure you found the "truth", even though the author gives us space for interpretation or questioning so therefore dogma-free.
I took with me some thoughts/ideas/questions to reflect on:
* Learning without enjoyment wears you down, and enjoyment without learning is mind numbing.
* Someone could invent a fable of that sort and still not illustrate adequately how wretched, how shadowy and volatile, how purposeless and random human intelect appears within nature.
* Man is a clever animal with an overinflated sense of self, and a mind focused not on the great truths, but only on life's minutiae.
* We have never sought ourselves - how could it happen that we should find ourselves?
* Nietzsche's brutally frank assessment of philosophy and religion had revealed the hyperbolic nature of most self definitions of man (...) Human conciousness was shaped by an attempt to survive and move ahead (...) Nietzsche held out a vague hope that this self-discovery could make man cleverer, could perhaps create an Übermensch who truly expands the parameters of his knowledge.
* It is not the sum of our neurons but our attention span that limits our learning ability.
* It IS correct to say that my thinking is the only window into my existence.
* Feelings can sometimes get by without too much involvement of reason, but without feelings, reason gets stranded, because feelings orient thought.
Emotions are rather stereotypical and automatic processes. Feelings on the other hand, are a far more complicated matter, involving a major dose of consciousness. Feelings can be hidden, and people can try not to let them show. That is difficult with emotions, because we have no control or influence over them. Feelings are a mixture of emotions and ideas.
* Not being loved is difficult, but, Weiss discovered, having no one to love is even worse.
* Anyone who, like Rousseau, was convinced that man was good by nature found it necessary to explain the rise of evil. Huxley faced the opposite question: if man was bad by nature, where does "the ethical progress of society" come from? Since Huxley was not religious, he did not find its origins in God. If there is nothing good in man by nature, how was it possible for the interaction of all those bestial people to have led to a reasonably well regulated society? Where does morality come from - if not from human nature? And if man is not moral by nature, why does he have the capacity to act morally?
* Values are by nature an outgrowth not of reason but of feelings.
* The ultimate basis for any moral rule is hopes and wishes, not insights or knowledge.
* Paradoxically, the fact that chimpanzees and gorillas display mathematical and linguistic powess in the laboratory is regarded as their ticket of admission to the human moral community, yet humans themselves have no need to prove intelligence in order to receive moral consideration (...) We must accept every living creature that fulfills the condition of being a "person".
* My senses enable me to gain experiences, which my understanding turns into representations, and my reason helps me to sort out and assess them. But I know nothing of what lies completely outside the world of my sensory experience.
* Man does not become good in the christian sense by his faith, but only by his deeds, by assuming responsibility and by serving his community.
* You are only as rich as you feel (...) And the story goes like this: in a Mediterranean harbor, a poor fisherman is dozing in the midday sun. A tourist strikes up a conversation with him and tries to convince him that he should get out and fish. "Why?" The fisherman wants to know. "To earn more money", replies the tourist, who quickly calculates how many additional catches could make the fisherman a wealthy man, with a large staff in his employ. "What for?" The fisherman again wants to know. "You'd be so rich that you could lean back and relax in the sun" the tourist explains. "But that's exactly what I'm doing now", says the fisherman, and goes back to dosing.
* Lasting happiness can be achieved only if our expectations are grounded in reality. If happiness and unhappiness are essentially of our own devising, they are largely a function of how we set our expectations.
Rules to achieve happiness:
1. Keep alive! Sports are wonderful, because the mind rewards itself for sucessful physical efforts by forming new neurons. Interests also boost the joy of life.
2. Be sociable! Living in a social network ensures that you are not alone with your cares and worries
3. Focus! Enjoy the here and now
4. Have realistic expectations
5. Think good thoughts! Act as though you're happy and you will be. Don't take yourself too seriously; laugh at yourself
* We seem to devote far more thought to the question of the meaning of life than to why and by which criteria we are actually seeking it. In other words, we examine everything except the quest itself. (Reference to Monty Python's meaning of life) " Now here's the meaning of life... well it's nothing very special, really. Uh, try and be nice to people, avoid eating fat, read a good book every now and then, get some walking in, and try and live together in peace and harmony with people of all creeds and nations".
And if you ask me: Keep your senses of curiosity alive, make good ideas a reality, and fill your days with life - not your life with days. <3