This book gave me a lot to think about. I don't doubt that it is true that a lot of behavior that is "off" is caused by shame, but I can't believe that all of it is. For example, isn't some addiction just caused by the addictive nature of the substances? Anyway, here are some ideas from this book that I thought were interesting.
Toxic shame makes you not love yourself the way you are, so you need something outside yourself to feel whole. You obsess on this thing outside yourself. Instead of just being yourself, you need to constantly do things. You become a “human doing” instead of a “human being.” When you have toxic shame, you are unable to be yourself; instead, you keep your true self a secret and present a different self to the world (persona).
One cause of adult anxiety is being overexposed as a child before you were able to develop any boundaries to protect yourself. An example would be a parent who is overly judgmental in criticizing developmentally normal childhood behavior. Toxic shame is often manifested in dreams of being naked in inappropriate places or in not being prepared, as in suddenly having to take your final exam without having prepared for it.
If you have toxic shame, you develop a script and then live life like an actor playing a role. The melodramatic scripts were described by Thoreau when he said that the mass of humanity live lives of quiet desperation.
Very few people actually live truly authentic lives. Your inauthentic role could take many forms: being perfectionist, seeking power and control, rage, arrogance or pride, being critical, judgmental, contemptuous or patronizing. Always being a caregiver, people-pleaser or “nice guy,” being filled with envy.
If you need something outside yourself to feel whole, you may engage in addictive/compulsive behaviors such as overeating, drinking, drugs, obsessive sex/pornography, gambling. When your needs are neglected as a child, you get the message that your needs are not important. Then you feel shame when you feel needy.
Ruminating can be a thought addiction. You spend all your time thinking in order to avoid feeling.
You can be addicted to constant activity: shopping, reading, exercising, watching sports, watching TV, taking care of pets or being a workaholic.
You may convert your wide array of needs into sexual needs. You may need orgasms to restore good feelings about yourself even when your actual needs are unrelated to sexuality.
We are all in a posthypnotic trance induced in early infancy. The “inner voice” is the insidious self-destructive process, an external point of view toward oneself initially derived from the parents’ suppressed hostile feeling toward the child.
Expecting your partner to provide what one’s parent failed to provide is a delusion. It is an unrealistic expectation and ends in disappointment and anger.
The main principle for handling criticism is Never Defend Yourself. Instead, follow these steps: (1) State what is TRUE about the criticism. (2) Ask the critic for more information in order to understand the criticism better. (3) Ask the other person why they feel the way they do. (4) Admit that you are wrong and that you are human. (5) Look the other person directly in the eye and state why you are still okay with the way you are. (6) Confirm that you are a good person. (7) Try to understand how the other person feels and comfort them.
Shame-based distorted thinking: catastrophizing, mind reading, personalization, overgeneralization, either/or thinking, being right, “should” thinking, control thinking fallacies, cognitive deficiency or filtering, blaming and global labeling
Example of catastrophizing: when a spouse acts slightly frustrated, thinking they are incredibly angry at you and that they will remain so for a long time and that there is nothing that you can do about it and that this will lead to divorce. Reality: what is the percentage chance of the thing happening?
Example of mind reading: when someone doesn’t talk to you, you think they are mad at you. Reality: you are hallucinating; gather evidence about what is really happening.
Example of personalization: when someone constantly states that they’re sick and tired, you think they are sick and tired of you. If another person is saying or doing something, assume it is about the other person, not about you.
Example of overgeneralization: when one thing about the relationship is a problem, you think that the entire relationship is a problem. What is the evidence that supports your conclusion, and what is the evidence that does not support your conclusion?
Example of either/or thinking: Either a person is perfect, or the person is worthless. Counter: “About 5 percent of the time I’m selfish, but the rest of the time I’m loving and generous.”
Example of being right: If you think you’re right, you are completely defensive about what you do, but if you accept that you are human, you can just admit that it really doesn’t matter whether you are right or wrong. Ask yourself: “What can I learn from the other person’s opinion.”
Example of should thinking: This is the way things “should” be rather than this is what I want and this fills my emotional needs. Think of exceptions to the “rule” that you have created.
Example of control thinking fallacies: You think that something outside yourself controls the way that you are. You need to take responsibility for your own emotions and let other people make their own choices.
Example of cognitive deficiency or filtering: You are completely fixated on the one bad thing and ignore the multitude of good things. Say to yourself: “this is distressing, but not dangerous.” You need to refocus your attention to the things that you have that are valuable.
Example of blaming and global labelling: Blaming your unhappiness on other people. Have you honestly expressed how you feel to the other person?
In summary, toxic shame makes you believe that you are more than human (e.g. you must act like a perfect, selfless martyr) or less than human (you believe you are not worthy of having your needs met). Healthy shame is believing that you are human and being able to express your emotional needs with humility or even embarrassment, but nevertheless being able to express your needs without "freaking out."