This book was excellent. Riley examines the political left's serial altruism over the past half century and finds it wanting. He asks the probing question: "Have popular government policies and programs that are aimed at helping blacks worked as intended?" and answers compellingly throughout the rest of the book that the facts demonstrate that they have not (p. 3). I can't say any of it better than Riley does (he has caused me to want to explore this issue more fully) so I'll just offer a few highlights from each chapter in Riley's own words.
An important theme that Riley starts with (and this is vitally important) is that the left has long abandoned equal opportunity for equality as a result. The former is freedom, and the latter is socialism, or leftism which is not freedom and not rooted in American Law. The other important theme that Riley emphasizes at the beginning is the wisdom of Booker T. Washington who stated, "It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercise of these privileges" (p. 5). Riley rightly shows that, "the history of the 1960s liberal social policies is largely a history of ignoring this wisdom" (p. 5).
Here are the highlights:
Chapter 1: Black Man in the White House
"The data is going to indicate, sadly, that when the Obama administration is over, black people will have lost ground in every single leading economic indicator category" (p. 10)
"Blacks have become their own worst enemy, and liberal leaders do not help matters by blaming self-inflicted wounds on whites or "society". The notion that racism is holding back blacks as a group, or that better black outcomes cannot be expected until racism has been vanquished, is a dodge. And encouraging blacks to look to politicians to solve their problems does them a disservice…one lesson of the Obama presidency--maybe the most important one for blacks--is having a black man in the Oval Office is less important than having one in the home” (p. 33).
Chapter 2 Culture Matters
This is the most important and foundational chapter of the book.
“Among blacks, nearly 5 million children, or 54 percent, live only with their mother.” Only 16 percent of black households are married couples with children, the lowest of any racial group in the United States” (p. 37)
“The reality was that if you were a bookish black kid who placed shared sensibilities above shared skin color, you probably had a lot of white friends” (p. 41)
“The achievement gap begins in high school and widens in higher grades. By the end of high school the typical black student is several years behind his white peers in reading and math. The usual explanation of this is class inequality. Blacks don’t perform on the level of whites because they come from a lower socioeconomic background and their schools have fewer resources, goes the argument. But what Ogbu found is that this problem transcends class and persists even among children of affluent, educated black professionals. And he (Ogbu) concluded that black culture, more than anything else, explained the achievement gap. The black kids readily admitted that they didn’t work as hard as whites, took easier classes, watched more TV, and read fewer books” (p. 43-44).
Ogbu also found that, “they are looking at rappers in ghettos as their role models, they are looking at entertainers. The parents work two jobs, three jobs, to give their children everything, but they are not guiding their children” (p. 45).
“President Barak Obama expressed his affinity for rappers like Jay-Z and Lil Wayne, whose lyrics often elevate misogyny, drug dealing, and gun violence” (p. 51).
“How ironic that so many blacks cling to these practices in an effort to avoid “acting white”. And how tragic that so many liberals choose to put an intellectual gloss on black cultural traits that deserve disdain. The civil rights movement, properly understood, was about equal opportunity. But a group must be culturally equipped to seize it. Blacks today on balance remain ill equipped, and the problem isn’t white people” (p. 57-58).
Chapter 3: The Enemy Within
“Liberal elites would have us deny what black ghetto residents know to be the truth. These communities aren’t dangerous because of racist cops or judges or sentencing guidelines. They’re dangerous mainly due to black criminals preying on black victims” (p. 74).
“Those who want to blame crime on lack of jobs cannot explain why crime rates fell in many cities during the Great Depression, when unemployment was high, and spiked during the 1960s, when economic growth was strong and jobs were plentiful” (p. 76).
“Lemon went on to make five simple suggestions for black self-improvement: pull up your pants, finish high school, stop using the n-word, take better care of your communities, and stop having children out of wedlock” (p. 82).
“Black boys without a father were 68 percent more likely to be incarcerated than than those with a father” (p. 83).
Chapter 4: Mandating Unemployment
No quotes.
Chapter 5: Educational Freedom
Riely spends considerable time showing how both charter schools and private schools significantly outperform the public schools, and how the left consistently does not support the efforts for educational freedom.
“Despite the fact that we now have nearly half a century of additional data that support these findings, politicians and the media continue to focus on spending more money, reducing class size, and hiring teachers with master’s degrees--all in the name of raising achievement and closing the learning gap. Why is that? Because even though such efforts don’t appear to be helping students very much, they do work to the benefit of the teacher’s unions that control public education in the United States…the greatest trick the teachers’ unions ever played was convincing enough people that their interests are perfectly aligned with those of schoolchildren” (p. 116).
Chapter 6: Affirmative Discrimination
The title of the chapter says it all. Riley shows that these policies have not helped who they intended to help.
Overall, this is a good book, and one that more folks should read!