York Notes are ideal study guides for English Literature 'A' level and GCSE students, and also provide good background information for first year university level. Covering major works from medieval to modern English literature, and contemporary works from America, the Commonwealth and the Third World, York Notes offer a high standard of literary criticism, stimulating ideas and thought-provoking questions. Each guide is written by an expert and will help the reader to think independently about the text being studied.
Daniel Defoe was an English novelist, journalist, merchant, pamphleteer and spy. He is most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719, which is claimed to be second only to the Bible in its number of translations. He has been seen as one of the earliest proponents of the English novel, and helped to popularise the form in Britain with others such as Aphra Behn and Samuel Richardson. Defoe wrote many political tracts, was often in trouble with the authorities, and spent a period in prison. Intellectuals and political leaders paid attention to his fresh ideas and sometimes consulted him. Defoe was a prolific and versatile writer, producing more than three hundred works—books, pamphlets, and journals—on diverse topics, including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology and the supernatural. He was also a pioneer of business journalism and economic journalism.