Sosyoloji Yazıları

by Max Weber, Taha Parla (Translator)

Max Weber, Şerif Mardin'in deyişiyle "Günümüzün sosyoloji biliminin önderleri arasında zirvedeki yeri dolayısıyla üzerinde sık sık durulan simalardan biri". Sosyoloji Yazıları, Max Weber'in bilim, siyaset, iktidar, din gibi kavramlar-kurumlar üzerine, sosyolojinin temel ilkelerinin gelişmesine katkıda bulunan makalelerinden bir seçme, "Weber sosyolojisi"ne kuşbakışı bir giriş...

Genres: Sociology, Philosophy, Nonfiction, Politics, History, Essays, Academic

547 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1946

About the author

(Arabic: ماكس فيبر)

Maximilian Carl Emil Weber was a German lawyer, politician, historian, sociologist and political economist, who profoundly influenced social theory and the remit of sociology itself. His major works dealt with the rationalization, bureaucratization and 'disenchantment' associated with the rise of capitalism. Weber was, along with his associate Georg Simmel, a central figure in the establishment of methodological antipositivism; presenting sociology as a non-empirical field which must study social action through resolutely subjective means.

Reviews

[Peiman E iran · Rating 2 out of 5]

‎دوستانِ گرانقدر، پیش از پرداختن به چکیده ای از دیدگاه جامعه شناسیِ <ماکس وبر>، باید بگویم که چنانچه این کتاب را برایِ خواندن برگزیدید، اگر زبانِ انگلیسی را به خوبی میدانید، کتاب را به انگلیسی بخوانید و چنانچه ترجمهٔ فارسی را خواندید، هیچ اهمیتی به مقدمهٔ مترجم و یا هر مترجم دیگری ندهید، و آنچه خودتان از خواندنِ کتاب دریافتید را به عنوانِ اندیشهٔ ماکس وبر در ذهنِ خود بسپارید... چراکه همانطور که میدانید متأسفانه برخی از مترجمان در ایران، تحریفات بسیاری در نوشتار انجام میدهند، تا بلکه از این راه مجوزِ چاپ بگیرند.. که این کار بسیار زشت و غیراخلاقی است و ما کتابخوان ها، همه از این حقیقت آگاهیم و هیچ تعارف و رودروایسی نیز نداریم
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‎عزیزانم، <ماکس وبر> معتقد است که دولت در اصل همان سلطهٔ انسانها بر دستهٔ دیگری از انسانهاست.. که به وسیلهٔ خشونت، آنهم خشونتی مشروع (به نامِ دین) پشتیبانی میگردد... برایِ آنکه این دولت پابرجا بماند، انسانهایِ تحتِ سلطهٔ دولت و حکومت، باید از اقتداری که قدرت هایِ زورگویِ موجود برایِ خود قائل هستند، فرمانبرداری کنند
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‎سلطه و حکومت و مشروعیت به سه دسته تقسیم میشود: سلطه و مشروعیتِ سنتی- حکومت و مشروعیتِ کاریزمایی- حکومت و مشروعیتِ قانونی
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‎اقتدار و مشروعیتِ سنتی: در اصل همان حکومتی است که با رسم و رسوماتِ دینی و مذهبی و قوانینِ دینی اداره میشود که از گذشته به مرورِ زمان آن رسم و رسومات، قداست یافته است.... مانندِ ادارهٔ حکومتِ جمهوری اسلامی در ایران، که به یکسری اسامی تازیان، همچون حسین و علی و مهدی و غیره، قداست داده اند و حکومت میکنند
‎این نوع حکومت، چیزی از حکومتِ دیکتاتوری کمتر ندارند و بلکه خطرناکتر نیز میباشند، چراکه خردِ انسانی و شایستگی هایِ انسانی در این نوع حکومتها هیچ ارزشی ندارد
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‎اقتدار و حکومت کاریزمایی: این نوع از مشروعیت، مربوط میشود به ویژگی هایِ فردی و شخصی، برایِ کسی که خود را به عنوانِ رهبر معرفی کرده است.... به عنوانِ مثال، برخی معتقدند که در آغازِ انقلاب در ایران، آیت الله خمینی، با این روش به ادارهٔ حکومت پرداخته است.... امّا بنظرم این مثال کامل نیست، چراکه حکومتِ جمهوری اسلامی مخلوطی از مشروعیتِ سنتی و اندکی مشروعیتِ کاریزمایی بوده و اکنون نیز همینطور میباشد
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‎سلطه و حکومت قانونی: در این نوع حکومت، معیار دانش و خردِ انسانی هایی میباشد که در آن جامعه زندگی میکنند و حکومت بر صلاحیتِ کارکردی مبتنی میباشد و از هرگونه عنصرِ مذهبی و سنتی و غیره، تهی میباشد... اینگونه حکومت، میتواند حکومتی آرمانی باشد
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‎دوستانِ گرامی، البته هر یک از روش هایِ حکومتی نامبرده در بالا، میتواند با روش های دیگر در هم آمیخته شوند
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‎امیدوارم این ریویو برایِ شما دوستانِ خردگرا، مفید بوده باشه
‎<پیروز باشید و ایرانی>

[grant alexander · Rating 4 out of 5]

I’ve read 'politics as a vocation' and 'science as a vocation' so far. I picked this up on a recommendation as a philosopher who does it better than RW Emerson. (Read this and you can’t help but acknowledge that German Idealism is vastly superior to American transcendalism was the recommendation). The similarities and differences with Emerson are mildly striking. First, they are both lectures, most of emerson's writing evolved as speeches, and while I don't know if that’s true for Weber, these two essays make it seem plausible. While the tone is very different, the emphasis on positive action and personal responsibility seems to be at the forefront for both philosophers.

I found both of the essays to be very good, though I did breeze over the middle section of both of them where he compares differing aspects of politics and science in different countries. Someone studying the rise of nazism or the failure of america intellectualism might be very interested in it, but I'm not really.

However there are some truly astounding sections, and his early dissection of political motivation seems very astute. The 2nd and 3rd pages of Politics are full of great lines, Like “the mores sanctified through the unimaginable ancient recognition and habitual orientation to conform” and “obedience is determined by highly robust motives of fear and hope”. 79

In general I found his asides to be highlights. I like that his life philosophy (for lack of a better term) is only viewable in their tangential relationship to the points in the essay; he never engages with them directly. For instance on page 117, he is talking about vain power politicians and says of them, “[they] are a product of shoddy and superficially blasé attitude towards the meaning of human conduct; and it has no relation whatsoever to the knowledge of tragedy with which all action, but especially political action, is truly interwoven.” This line is buried in the excellent concluding 15 pages of Politics, which stretches back to the discussion of “sterile excitation… . “ is a ‘romanticism of the intellectually interesting’ running into emptiness devoid of all feeling of objective responsibility.” on page 115, which is a pithy summary of some of problems with academic thought .

That’s amazing, as his discussion of Tolstoy and the meaning of death on page 140. With regards to contrasts with Emerson, this passage is the most interesting. What I have found so compelling about Emerson is his exploration of our ties to the natural world, our fundamental alienation forcing us to seek redemption within ourselves. Almost a Buddhist philosophy. Weber gets into something similar here, and I haven’t had the time to parse this section (138-44) adequately.

[Elari · Rating 5 out of 5]

Ugh. A deliciously painful read. Of the classics, I would now say that Max Weber’s the best.

[Amir ali · Rating 4 out of 5]

به طور کلی این کتاب شامل مقاله­ ها و رساله­ هایی است که وبر درباره سه مفهوم دین، قدرت و جامعه نگاشته یا سخنرانی­ کرده است .
روش شناسی : وبر از جمله مهمترین اندیشمندانی است که سعی نموده تا روشهای مطالعه و تحقیق در علم اجتماعی و فرهنگی را جدا از حوزه علوم طبیعی دانسته و روشهای مطالعه علوم اجتماعی را بر مبنای جامعه‌شناسی تفهمی یا درک کنشگران و رجوع به ذهنیات آنان مورد مطالعه قرار دهد.
دغدغه اصلي وبر، عينيت يافتن عقلانيت در جامعه بشري و تحليل جامعه شناسانه اجتماع و تمدن از منظر عقلانيت است .
وبر با یک دید تاریخی سعی می کند ماهیت حیات اجتماعی مدرن را تجزیه وتحلیل نموده و در این راستا بر آن باور است که نوعی عقلایی شدن به معنای همان عقلانیت ابزاری در طول تاریخ بخصوص در عصر مدرن، حرکت جامعه بشری را متاثر نموده و بخصوص در غرب عقلانیت ابزاری توانسته است در قالب نهادهایی مثل دولت مدرن (در چارچوب بوروکراسی)، اقتصاد سرمایه داری و در شکل گیری حقوق جدید به وجود آید.
در این کتاب، موضوع اصلی بحث های وبر در خصوص دین، قدرت و جامعه این است که در مذهب نیز با زدودن حالت های غیرقابل توجیه و فهم انسانی از دین، عقلانیت حاکم می شود . از نگاه وبر، جهان نوین خدایانش را رها کرده و همه چیز را عقلایی، تابع محاسبه و پیش بینی پذیرش ساخته است. او می کوشید تا نشان دهد که چگونه پیامبران با جاذبه های فرهمندانه شان توانستند قدرت های کاهنان را که مبتنی بر سنت بودند از اعتبار بیندازند و چگونه با پیدایش دین مبتنی بر کتاب، فراگرد عقلائی و نظامدار شدن پهنه دینی آغاز شد و در اخلاق پروتستانی به اوج خود رسید.

[Juli · Rating 5 out of 5]

Weber rocks.

[Neal Spadafora · Rating 4 out of 5]

If you, like me, are by and large a materialist and first read Weber's Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, then you may be quite surprised with this reading. Whereas PESC didn't offer that thorough going materialist understanding of Puritanism and blooming capitalism, I think Essays in Sociology does offer a materialist understanding of its source material. In fact, reading this has made me want to return to PESC and see what I was missing.

Of course, people like to distance Durkheim from Weber, and there is merit to do as much, but doing so in an incessant manner is an unhelpful bifurcation. The two are offer critical social theories about how and why certain structures reproduce themselves. Yes, Weber is more interested in motives and Durkheim in function, but they have their finger on the same set of problems. Polemicizing the two is to put us in theoretical handcuffs.

All of this is to say that Weber's understanding of the charismatic figure is post-Marxist insofar as it connects the figue to a variety of economic features and social strata. It identifies how and why the charismatic figure comes unto the scene and why and how bureaucracies tame and routinize such charisma. Reading how Weber understood the history of military discipline, the longe duree of theodical thought in Europe, and modern European infatuation with the 'occult,' I was thoroughly impressed, though still at times quite critical and frustrated, with this work.

[Julio The Fox · Rating 5 out of 5]

The greatest German genius since Marx. Max Weber's formulation of three types of leadership, traditional, charismatic and bureaucratic, is crucial for understanding the sources of political authority, and why the first two are everywhere giving way to the third. Think Lenin to Stalin, or Lincoln to, well, every president since. Bureaucratic rule is more efficient, less partisan and dull. The man or woman of charisma would do well to ponder Weber in challenging the bureaucrats. Weber's mind was forever restless and capacious. His theory on the Protestant origins of capitalism is key to understanding how and why capitalism works in the West and not the rest. Other vital essays in this volume, brilliantly co-edited by American sociologist C.Wright Mills (THE POWER ELITE) examine the roots of economic stagnation in India and the legal system of China, or Mandarin rule. A first-rate mind, and must-to-be had on the intelligent woman's book shelf.

[Muneeb Salman · Rating 3 out of 5]

Didn't completely read the book, maybe because it was too dry. It may interest a student of sociology but I as a student of politics only found a few concepts worth reading namely Weber's concept on origins and role of bureaucracy, of state (which is covered in Politics as a Vocation) his lectures on Vocation (Politics and Science) and the concept of protestant ethic and capitalism. Apart from that, there is nothing much interesting. His concept of power and role of bureaucracy and government seems to be quite conservative to me and unlike the translators, I found Weber to be a realist rather than a liberal.

[Alex · Rating 5 out of 5]

Vocation Lectures; excerpts from Economy and Society; essays from what would be compiled as Weber's Collected Works on Sociology of Religion (an intro, a between-tro, a companion essay to PESC, excerpts from Confucianism and Daoism and Religions of India), and some pieces about Germany politics and economy. Good intro too.

Intro says Max thought both Conservatives and Marxists were too simplistic, so he tried to carve out a third Liberal way that acknowledged the individual as a social actor while also accounting for the determining powers of institution, class, and status. In his belief in 'charisma' and its steady 'routinization,' and in his conviction that Calvinist Protestantism was most 'rational' and a key ingredient for the development of capitalism, he was also a Protestant.

Here was a dude who believed that social life is always much more complex than anyone thinks it is. (Also, sociology). Thus it often feels like it's very difficult to get straight answers out of him. Nonetheless, despite his being a patron saint of contemporary liberalism, he is one of my favorite prophets of doom.

[David Olmsted · Rating 4 out of 5]

In an era when sociology seems to have lost its way between economics and anthropology this book by one of the pioneers of sociology, the German Max Weber (1864 - 1920) brings everything back into balance. To be clear about definitions, anthropology is the study of small scale mono-cultural groups while sociology should be the study of the organization of complex multicultural groups, how diverse peoples and interests are able to function as a whole. Weber covers structures of power, politics, science, religion, economics, and most importantly bureaucracy, something that modern sociology seems to have forgotten despite its huge and growing impact on society within the last 30 years. He does not cover race and gender or other biases often found in societies although he was beginning to analyze the castes in Chinese and East Indian societies. Overall an important read.

[DoctorM · Rating 4 out of 5]

My undergraduate Russian History professor gave me a battered copy of this collection half a lifetime and more ago. If I was serious about History he said, if I really cared about History and social history and how societies are structured and how they develop, then I'd need to read this. He was right back then, and he's still right. Weber's essays are fine pieces--- incisive, sombre, thoughtful. Indispensable to anyone who cares about analysing social structures.

[Pejman · Rating 3 out of 5]

Max Weber in this essays emphesis on notion of 'action' and 'meaning'. He believes that human being consist of for kind of 'actions'. 'Meaning' ma be of two kind. this is a great book for people who want to about sociology and its definition.

[Steven Peterson · Rating 5 out of 5]

This volume contains a series of essays by the German sociologist, Max Weber, whose work has been very influential in the social sciences. It provides entree to his thinking. Excellent source to understand better Weber's body of work.

[David · Rating 4 out of 5]

Its a slog at points, but some interesting ideas and theories that are still prevalent or inform today's understanding. I was specifically interested in Weber's discussion of bureaucracy and the "iron cage"

[Paul · Rating 3 out of 5]

Didn't read all of it, but read the parts referring to bureucracy. While informative, the text was dry and the formatting of the ebook I was using made the reading experience less than pleasurable. I'm sure a better edited and formatted version would have improved by enjoyment by a great deal.

[Laksmi · Rating 4 out of 5]

Karangan Max Weber selalu menarik. Pengamatan dan analisis yang dibuat cukup tajam dan dapat menggambarkan kondisi sosial masyarakat pada zamannya. Menarik untuk jadi referensi sejarah sosiologi.

[m · Rating 3 out of 5]

Be sure to read Gerth & Mills' fine introduction to this edition of classic essays by Max Weber.

[Iben · Rating 3 out of 5]

I only read "Politics as Vocation" and "Science as Vocation" but both were worth the read. Especially amusing are his side remarks on universities and academicians.

[Yasaman · Rating 3 out of 5]

Didn't read the whole thing, just selections for class.

[Levi · Rating 4 out of 5]

Dry as dust, but brilliant nonetheless.

[Jonathan]

None

[Bookish · Rating 3 out of 5]

A very good collection of pieces by Weber. A must have for any Weber enthusiast.

[Sanjeev kumar · Rating 5 out of 5]

read

[Ftm sair · Rating 4 out of 5]

i read this book during my HSM...examples given by the author at every point to clarify the view are interesting and easy to understand and they develop greater under standing of the context...

[Kathy · Rating 3 out of 5]

Classic!!! Is incredibly relevant today as it was when Weber wrote it, especially for those interested in the current practice of internet personalization (ie, The Filter Bubble by Eli Pariser)

[Shannon · Rating 3 out of 5]

Not something I'd read for fun, but some interesting stuff in here.

[Smruti]

I think this book is gift for world

[Divya · Rating 4 out of 5]

Much helpful for students of sociology.The Essays collected here are equally relevent even today!!

[Lauren · Rating 3 out of 5]

Slightly more interesting and more logical than Marx, but definitely not my favorite.

[Who · Rating 4 out of 5]

It becomes apparent after reading that many of the ideas Herr Weber advance are far more relevant than than many contemporaries would be willing to admit