Author and auteur John Pilger spotlights five areas in which the rise of globalization has led to dire circumstances. The opening focuses on the Chagos archipelago, which for generations has been the home to a native population that enjoyed an idyllic lifestyle. The second part revolves around Palestine. The third is a brief foray into India. The fourth is an exploration of post-Apartheid South Africa. The fifth is on Afghanistan. While, each of these areas is different from each other, they all share the stain of being pawns in the often disastrous “game” that is global politics. Whether through hostile takeover or in most cases complicit local leaders, these five areas have had the misfortune of finding themselves in the crosshairs of avaricious adversaries.
Pilger spends his first 41 pages depicting the plight of an indigenous people who have been forcibly removed from the island of Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean. These misfortunate folks went from inhabiting an Eden in which their families peacefully coexisted into living in squalor in a foreign land. Unfamiliar with the customs and language of the place they were forced to immigrate to (the Seychelles), their bonds have been destroyed. Forced to live on the government’s teat, they are despised by the locals who see them as wastes. Many became so dejected and aggrieved that they essentially perished either through suicide or just a lack of will to survive. Offered a “relocation” fee of a pittance of their worth, typically around 1000 pounds, these people were kicked out for the simple reason that their island was ideally situated for an American military base. Brokered by the British who proclaimed the land uninhabited, the deal was finalized with the haste of a landlord giving its occupants 48 hours to vacate the premises.
The next place Pilger highlights is the occupied territories of Palestine. It is evident in both the duration (100 pages) and the contacts he has made here, that his heart is with the Palestinian people. Surely, 20 years or so after he spent extensive time here, things have improved? Oh shit, they have not. While, the names have changed the struggle has not. Pilger spends a good amount of time showing the juxtaposition between the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip who struggle for survival versus the Israeli settlers who have pushed further and further into disputed territory. While, the Palestinians are met with derision from authorities given little access to arable land and in some cases forced into refugee camps the settlers have created enclaves abutted with citrus trees and barbed wire fences meant to keep those unwanted i.e. Palestinians from their new settlements. Given the slimmest provocation, Israeli soldiers detain Palestinian citizens. While, the atrocities take place local leadership and abroad do little but rattle sabers, increasing fear mongering on every side. Internationally, Israel is propped up the US and her allies, while the Arab world talks of supporting Palestinians, but turns their back on them time and time again, being stingy with funds and asylum. Even though it is brief, Pilger does allow for some sunshine to come through, when he interviews Israelis and Palestinians who have taken a stance for peace. The most enduring of which are those who have lost loved ones on both sides from violence, namely suicide bombings. While, the situation was grim and appears to be even grimmer today, it is nice to know that even those who have been intimately afflicted by the carnage can work together in the name of peace.
A whole 14 pages is devoted to India, which makes me question what the point of even having them included was. This section is essentially an overview on the effects of globalization in India. Instead of being a boon to the people, it has only created a larger gap between the haves and have-nots. While, a small percentage of Indians have reaped the benefits the vast majority have not. Even this minority have not found extreme wealth, but an existence that is just above subsistence. The promises of Indian politicians who with assurances from the World Bank and IMF to raise the tide of the Indian population have largely gone unfulfilled, as of 2002 more than a third of the population was stuck in absolute poverty, not having enough to secure safe water, food and sanitation.
Well, maybe South Africa will provide a more positive example of globalization. They have thrown off the yoke of apartheid and appear to be in a more prosperous place, creating a class of wealthy Black leaders. Oh, crap it appears that most of these leaders have sold out the majority of the population, creating a system that while no longer stratified along racial lines is equally stultifying for those not on top of the economic pyramid. While, many of the principles of the African National Congress, the political party led by Nelson Mandela, were revolutionary, they were soon compromised to kowtow to organizations which promised economic growth and prosperity. The sad irony for many of the inhabitants of South Africa was that they were much more prosperous under apartheid than in the presiding governments. Essentially, they exchanged their economic freedom for political freedom. Well, at least those that committed atrocities during the apartheid era were persecuted, right? Not exactly. The much touted Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa brought to light many of the human rights violations which took place during apartheid, but was limited in power as those that came forward were given amnesty. To make matters worse, many of those responsible for some of the grossest miscarriages of justice maintained prominent roles in the private sector. Generals who ordered killings were sought after to head private security firms, scientists who experimented on patients worked in laboratories and all sorts of despicable people faced little to no repercussions. Even someone who is exulted as Nelson Mandela did not escape the scorn and ire of John Pilger. During a sit down interview, he made sure to ask about some of the many post-apartheid issues, namely the intertwining of globalization with politics and the reversal from building an equitable economy.
The fifth and last visit is to Afghanistan. Situated in the middle of the most acclaimed overland trade route, “The Silk Road”, Afghanistan has long been sought after by conquerors. Seemingly in a continuous state of war, it is known as “where empires go to die.” At this point, the role of the United States as a benefactor for the mujahideen is well known. The irony of arming and funding many of the most extreme of the religious fighters during an early time, to be used against them is a lesson that the United States has not appeared to have learned from. As destructive and intolerant as the Taliban are/were in Afghanistan, Pilger focuses much of his attention on the various warlords that the United States cultivates to form alliances, most of them quite tenuous. Far from being enlightened these factions engaged in many of the same barbaric practices as the Taliban. To further exacerbate the situation, while the Taliban outlawed much of the opium production, the factions relied on the crop to bring in much of their wealth. Even the progress in religious tolerance, especially in regards to females was largely a misnomer, being allowed only in heavily populated areas in major cities like Kabul. So, by combining with the various warlords, the United States somehow made an awful situation even less tenable, destroying the repressive security which the Taliban provided for chaos. Sadly, that seems to be the cycle in Afghanistan, an endless string of foreign conquerors attempting to pacify the country and a barrage of local repressive regimes subjugating their own people.
Full of insight and heavily researched, John Pilger does not leave many stones unturned. While, it is clear he has his own biases and prerogatives (who doesn’t), his heart always appears to be with the local people who have been exploited. Sobering and even at times funny, mainly when he interviews/interrogates leaders in positions of power, he does not pull any punches. As a man who has covered many of the world’s most brutal savageries, he has seen much of the worst of humanity, but still retains a sliver of hope. While, I cannot say I enjoyed much of this work, it definitely further opened up my eyes.