This play by Ivan Turgenev takes place at the estate of Arkady Sergeyitch Islayev, a wealthy middle-aged landowner who devotes most of his time (offstage) to his extensive business affairs, leaving his lovely, intelligent, bored wife Natalya in the hands of Rakitin, a longtime family friend. It's obvious to us--though evidently not to Arkady--that Rakitin is madly in love with Natalya; and also, alas, that she is not, and never will be, interested in Rakitin, not in that way. Instead, her attention is focused this summer on Alexey Baliayev, a 20-year-old student from Moscow who has come to the Islayev estate for (so far) the eponymous month in the country. The length of his stay will be determined by what Natalya chooses to do or not do about pursuing her infatuation for this attractive young man.
She launches her strategy by feeling out her ward Vera, who, Natalya quite rightly fears, has fallen in love with Alexey herself. The fact that Vera, at 17, is significantly closer to Alexey's age doesn't much faze Natalya as she wavers back and forth about whether to implement this or that wicked scheme to have her way.
Also involved in aspects of the plot are Dr. Shpigelsky, who is courting, in his remarkably blunt way, Lizaveta, the woman who serves as companion to Arkady's widowed mother. The doctor also is speaking for his friend Bolshintsov, a splendidly dull, plain, elderly (but rich!) chap who would like to marry Vera. There's also a German tutor hovering about, teaching Natalya's young (never seen) son Kolya. And lurking seemingly everywhere--possessing as much knowledge as us in the audience but far more than anyone else in the play--is the maid Katya.
The mood is lighthearted and lightheaded; we aren't intended to take any of the foolishness too seriously, even though some of it will likely have serious consequences for some of the characters. A Month in the Country has almost a boulevard comedy feel, tempered with the melancholy and fatalism we associate with Russian theater; we can see where Chekhov, Strindberg, and Gorky all found comic and tragic inspiration here.