Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS, was a Welsh philosopher, historian, logician, mathematician, advocate for social reform, pacifist, and prominent rationalist. Although he was usually regarded as English, as he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950 "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought."
Russell’s A History of Western Philosophy is often read only as a critical survey of great thinkers and their arguments. Yet to me, it traces the wide‑reaching spiral of human awareness and reveals the hidden three‑fold Taiji within every debate.
Every philosophical turn moves through this rhythm: old belief, sharp doubt, and the nameless greater whole that both belief and doubt reach toward. Russell’s clear questioning is not only to tear ideas down; it is to keep the spiral moving — rising, yielding, transforming, returning.
Thinkers are not owners of truth; they are channels. Even when they argue fiercely against one another, they are all opening paths toward something they cannot fully name. Rigid certainty stops the flow; honest questioning keeps the living Taiji turning.
This book reminds us: no single system is final. Wisdom lies not in grasping one perfect answer, but in flowing gently with the endless spiral of inquiry itself — much like the quiet movement of the Tao.
Yahweh = Dialectical Materialism The Messiah = Marx The Elect = The Proletariat The Church = The Communist Party The Second Coming = The Revolution Hell = Punishment of the Capitalists The Millennium = The Communist Commonwealth
《經院哲學家》第二篇基本人名全盤混亂,不是現在約定俗成的人名。例如聖方濟各翻譯成弗蘭西斯,方濟各會變成了弗蘭西斯教團。p581 Bull Unam Sanctam音譯為「兀納姆·傘克塔姆教令」是完全沒有翻譯出來教皇詔書《獨一至聖》。同一出版社的《神聖羅馬帝國》中反覆出現的奇葩的「破門」可能就是參考了李約瑟的翻譯慣例。 詹姆斯·布萊斯的《神聖羅馬帝國》末尾的《帝國歷史大事年表》對照羅素的《經院哲學傢》篇章是真的非常好用,值得參考!