I took this book off the shelf because I wanted to quote a passage that I remembered. Of course, I then proceeded to reread much of it. I have read only a few of the many books in this series but I think that these come close to being indispensable for readers seeking a historical perspective that includes some of the best science fiction stories of all time.
Not all the stories in this volume are science fiction. Even the two editors agree that Chad Oliver's story "Transformer" is fantasy. Mildred Clingerman's "Letters from Laura" is also unquestionably fantasy and, depending on one's feelings about religion, Anthony Boucher's "Balaam" as well might be considered fantasy.
Two of the stories are always included in discussions of the greatest and most influential science fiction tales ever written, "Fondly Fahrenheit" by Alfred Bester and "The Cold Equations" by Tom Godwin. (Godwin is, I think, the least well known of all the authors here.)
"The End of Summer" by Algis Budrys was nominated for a 1956 Hugo Best Novelette Award. (Why 1956? The Hugo Awards used to have very strange standards for when entries were eligible for awards.)
My favorites are "The Test" by Richard Matheson, "Down Among the Dead Men" by William Tenn, "The Music Master of Babylon" by Edgar Pangborn, "The Father-Thing" by Philip K. Dick, and "Balaam" by Anthony Boucher. I also like two of the comic stories, Mildred Clingerman's "Letters from Laura" and H. L. Gold's "Man of Parts."
Fredric Brown's "Answer" is only one page long and barely qualifies as a story rather than an anecdote. Whatever it is, it is certainly memorable.
The introduction to the book is, as usual for this series, poorly written:
People began to worry about the disposal of radioactive waste in 1954, but Picasso painted "Sylvette," and William Goldman published THE LORD OF THE FLIES, which might qualify as science fiction.
The individual story introductions are variously fine, irrelevant, pretentious, and irritating.
I enjoy Angus McKie's cover for the 1987 DAW paperback edition, which perfectly represents the spirit of 1954 science fiction.