Поэтические воззрения славян на природу. Том 3

Поэтиеския воззрения славян на природу #3

by Alexander Afanasyev, Александр Николаевич Афанасьев

Fundamentalnyj trud A.N. Afanaseva yavlyaetsya logicheskim zavershenie tseloj serii ego rabot po istorii, literature, poetike, mifologii, v rezultate chego slozhilsya kontseptualnyj vzglyad na mifologiyu, na ee zarozhdenie i istoriyu. XIX vek stal vremenem intensivnogo izucheniya slavyanskoj mifologii, v eto vremya formirovalas traditsiya prochteniya slavyanskoj mifologii s pozitsij "naturmifologicheskoj shkoly," vzglyady kotoroj razdelyal i Afanasev. Predstaviteli etoj shkoly polagali, chto mifologiya voznikla iz popytok cheloveka obyasnit prirodnye yavleniya. Osnovopolozhnik solyarno-meteorologicheskoj shkoly A. N. Afanasev ishodil iz togo, chto mif est "drevnejshaya poeziya," povestvuyuschaya o zhizni prirody v ee "ezhednevnyh i godichnyh prevrascheniyah." Kollektivnym poetom i tvortsom mifologii yavlyalsya narod, kotoryj sotvoril i yazyk, i mify." S tochki zreniya avtora mifologiya "voznikla na nebe" s obozhestvleniya nebesnyh prirodnyh yavlenij, no zatem "spustilas na zemlyu, prinimaya samye prichudlivye obolochki, otchego vsyakogo roda povestvovanie o proishodyaschem v etom mire, nasyscheno obrazami vsyakogo roda "nechisti." Avtor privlekaet v kachestve materiala dannye iz razlichnyh oblastej: epos raznyh narodov, skazki, trudy lingvistov, dialektologov, obraschaet vnimanie na zakonodatelnye akty, provintsialnuyu periodiku. Svet, tma, nebo, zemlya; solntse, groza, veter, raduga, dozhd, zlye karliki, vedmy, vodyanye, leshie i prochie modifikatsii dobryh i zlyh stihij - vse analiziruetsya avtorom s uchetom dannyh nauki ego vremeni. Blagodarya zamyslu, metodologii i privlechennomu materialu rabota poluchilas entsiklopedicheskoj, gde fiksiruyutsya vse vozmozhnye sposoby predstavleniya prirody i proyavleniya kollektivnoj raboty duha. Reprint izdaniya 1865 - 1869 gg.

852 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1970

About the author

Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasyev (Russian: Александр Николаевич Афанасьев) was a Russian folklorist who recorded and published over 600 Russian folktales and fairytales, by far the largest folktale collection by any one man in the world. His first collection was published in eight volumes from 1855-67, earning him the reputation of a Russian counterpart to the Brothers Grimm.

Born in 1826 in Boguchar, in Voronezh Governate, he grew up in Bobrov, becoming an early reader thanks to the library of his grandfather, a member of the Russian Bible Society. He was educated at the Voronezh gymnasium and from 1844-48 he studied law at the University of Moscow. Despite being a promising student, he did not become a professor, due largely to attacks upon his work by the conservative Minister of National Enlightenment, Count Sergey Uvarov.

Afanasyev worked for thirteen years at the Moscow's Main Archive Directorate under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire, during which time he also amassed a huge library and published numerous articles and reviews. In 1862 he was fired from his position, because of his association with philosopher Alexander Herzen. Jobless for a number of years thereafter, he sold his library in order to support his family, eventually finding work as a secretary at the Moscow City Duma and at the Moscow Congress of Justices of the Peace.

Afanasyev wrote a large theoretical work (three volumes of 700 pages each) – "The Poetic Outlook of Slavs about Nature" (Поэтические воззрения славян на природу) – which came out between 1865 and 1869. In 1870 his Русские детские сказки (Russian Children's Fairy Tales) were published. He died in poverty in 1871, at the age of forty-five.

(source: Wikipedia)