Julien Benda (26 December 1867 – 7 June 1956) was a French philosopher and novelist. He remains famous for his short book, La Trahison des Clercs (The Treason of the Intellectuals or The Betrayal of the Intellectuals). He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times.
An excellent overview of the state of the intellectuals in the 1920s, and how they got there. From disinterested thinkers who sought to speak truth to power, traffic in justice devoid of any connection to class or nation--in the face of humanity's barbarism--they'd become supporters of such barbarism by the end of the 19th century, through the Great War, and into the ideological struggles of the 1920s. An amazing read.