A strong, favorable but critical and nuanced biography of Colby. The parts on his private life, childhood, etc. are relatively brief. The vast majority of the book deals with Colby’s intelligence career, and I felt that Woods gave all aspects of it excellent treatment.
Although the CIA is, I think, mainly identified with its mission of collecting intelligence, it was always intended to be a covert-operations outfit. The 1947 National Security Act assigned the CIA to advise the National Security Council on intelligence, make recommendations on such matters, produce intelligence estimates and reports, and to perform “such other functions and duties related to intelligence affecting the national security as the National Security Council may from time to time direct.” This vague language would be used as as the rationale for the legality of the Agency’s subsequent covert operations, few of which were related to intelligence and almost all of which brought up controversy, leaked to outsiders, and called the Agency’s mission into question. Every president since Truman has utilized covert action, always with mixed results. I don’t think covert action is a substitute for policy, nor should policymakers view it as such. If successful, covert operations have short-term impacts; if they are failures their impact is long-term. Viewing such action as an automatic component of overt policy is quite perilous, as history has shown. No covert operations the CIA ever undertook caused vibrant pro-American democracies to bloom, despite illusions that they do.
With this background in mind, Colby’s time with the CIA was associated mostly with covert operations as opposed to intelligence collection (which is as iffy as covert operations). Woods shows how covert operations actually comprised most of Colby’s career. He served in the OSS performing such operations in World War Two, and went on to do so at the CIA. His time at the Agency confronted him with a dilemma that every Cold Warrior confronted: if you try to fight the enemy with his own weapons, do you become as “bad” as him? It doesn’t seem like Colby was troubled by this dilemma very much. Many of his CIA colleagues went down in flames trying to resolve it: James Jesus Angleton (whom Colby fired) was driven to paranoia in his quest to root out supposed KGB moles, and the fiercely driven covert-action cowboy Frank Wisner suffered a breakdown and eventually committed suicide. Colby, on the other hand, seemed to remain a sort of Boy Scout, and seemed remarkably able to retain his own sanity and grasp of reality.
Woods also shows how Cold War policies changed over time. Our policy interests were not rooted in broadly agreed doctrine. Our thinking, rationale, policies, and strategies changed over time, as did the CIA’s relation to them. Some were simply the result of shifting political power among the advocates of different Cold War strategies. Woods occasionally shifts from a straightforward presentation of Mr. Colby’s views on these subjects and those with whom he agreed or disagreed to what appears to be the author’s own endorsement of one or another of those views. A careful reading of the sources cited on those few occasions suggests some bias, but I doubt it was intentional, and does not hamper an excellent book.
Woods also writes of the suspicious circumstances surrounding Colby’s death, and seems to advocate conspiracy theories that Colby was murdered. This part was a little tedious and his theories were, in my opinion, baseless.
A few errors: Colby's father was involved with the 24th Infantry Regiment not "division." President Nixon and Henry Kissinger had the Office of National Estimates (ONE) and its Board of National Estimates disestablished to be replaced by the politically controlled National Intelligence Council (NIC). Colby did create the positions of National Intelligence Officers (NIO), but not as a replacement for the ONE.
However, Woods does a good job casting light into the secretive, shadowy atmosphere of the early Cold War CIA, provides us with an excellent portrait of Colby, and, in all, has written an excellent book on both subjects.