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The Holy Roman Empire

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Viscount James Bryce’s The Holy Roman Empire is a fascinating history of the Empire.A table of contents is included.

512 pages, Kindle Edition

First published January 1, 1864

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About the author

James Bryce

686 books7 followers
James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce OM GCVO PC FRS FBA, was a British academic, jurist, historian and Liberal politician.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_B...

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There is more than one author in the Goodreads database with this name.

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Displaying 1 - 18 of 18 reviews
Profile Image for Nate Roberts.
6 reviews5 followers
August 25, 2015
Given the general lack of historical writing on the subject, particularly in English, this is a pretty helpful read for anyone wanting to learn about the HRE. It's also one of the few books I've found that treats the empire from origin to fall (pre-800 to 1806), as most focus on only a narrower time period, person or national/geographic area - understandable given the ambitious scope and complexity of writing a narrative of the HRE.

Bryce's book is less a survey of the historical period during which the empire existed, and more of a study of the institution itself. That being said, it does a good job of describing the key emperors and events, as least through the thirteenth century or so, after which the power of the imperial throne was severely reduced. Much of the book's focus is on the complex, strangely symbiotic, yet antagonistic, relationship between the Papacy and the HRE. He also spends a time on why the idea of a continuation of the Roman Empire was so powerful in the period, though it seemed silly to later generations. Happily, these are also the two areas in which I think his analysis shine most.

As one might expect with a book written 150 years ago, there are some anachronisms of grammar which can produce some confusion, though I found it to be a rather easy read, overall. The author does express a number of views and opinions that would seem out of place in modern scholarship, particularly tired tropes such as "barbarism vs. civilization." If you are able to take such things in stride, keeping the era of the author in perspective, you can still enjoy the book. Furthermore, I found Bryce to be refreshingly aware of the fact that his was a history being written at a particular point in time and that later generations of scholars may take different and more nuanced views.

I would recommend this book as a good starting point for anyone interested in the subject. This is not a blow-by-blow political, economic, or military account; however it will provide you with a solid base of understanding and give some exposure to certain topics that one might want to explore in further depth in other books.
Profile Image for Marti Martinson.
341 reviews8 followers
March 22, 2014
As a kid --and I am talking high school age-- I always liked historical factoids: names, places, and dates. Neat stuff.

History is, of course, more than recording, it is interpreting. Our age, hopefully, will be remembered for its barbarity, just like the Middle Ages. This guy Bryce, however, is a TRUE diplomat in his analysis of the history, the usefulness, and the ludicrousness of the H.R.E.:

They sinned grievously, no doubt, but they sinned in the dim twilight of a half-barbarous age, not in the noonday blaze of modern civilization.

There is not a lot of detail on EACH emperor. The book goes into the major ideological, military, and political episodes & shifts of this 1000 year old fossil. The untranslated notes in Latin were annoying, but Bryce's work is very intelligible AND scholarly. Just his style makes me think he must have been a really decent guy; I wonder what he would think of our present "democracies", our "alliances", and our "kingdoms".....Would he have been so damn kind to us?

Profile Image for Jonathan Asby.
1 review
November 27, 2017
A strong overview of the history of the empire, focusing on the office of the emperor, with the correct balance between detail and retaining the impression of the big picture.

Interesting to read the views of a contemporary of the 19th century, and to see therefore how they differ from a modern perspective.

It is rich in remarks about the political life of humanity in general. The style is often almost poetic in its prose, but does not stray too far from a historian's narrative.

Thematically, it is designed to exclude a great deal that must be included to understand the empire and its time, so in that sense it fails at an impossible task. Its major aim -- to compress the history of a thousand years and retain the thread -- it does achieve, and very enjoyably too.
20 reviews
October 4, 2020
I overcame my initial aversion to reading a history written 150 years, and actually found I liked the style, despite the jarring of spellings presumably common in history books at the time, for example "shew".
But in the end, there was just too much of an assumption that the reader knew all the actors. This is more of a reflection on the (very long) period, inviting you to agree with or challenge his interpretations.
Perhaps unfair of me to base my rating on that, as he can write whatever book he likes, but just not for me.
Profile Image for Paul.
37 reviews
December 22, 2020
This is not a modern book. It was first published in 1864. I read the 1904 edition. It is, therefore, somewhat dated. The book is, however, concisely written. The tortuous history of the Holy Roman Empire, from the second century to Napoleon, is easy to follow. The book's brevity does mean that seventeen centuries of history are dealt with in just over 500 pages. If you are looking for an in depth description of the Holy Roman Empire, look elsewhere. If, on the other hand, you are looking for a brief beginners guide, then this is the book for you.
Profile Image for Tom.
253 reviews6 followers
September 21, 2014
I read the free Project Gutenberg edition.

An interesting (to me, as a bit of a history nerd) discussion of the titular subject. Most valuable for its explanation of the ideas, philosophy, sentiments, etc. behind the Holy Roman Empire and its discussion of how it mutated from its original form under Charlemagne into the German formality it became.
Profile Image for Carlos  Wang.
460 reviews173 followers
February 21, 2024
在以前對世界史還不是那麼熟悉的年代,從“成吉思汗IV”這套遊戲中接觸到了中歐的這個“名稱聽起來很強大”的神聖羅馬帝國(以下簡稱神羅),就有一種莫名的迷戀。

經過一段時間後,開始想在台灣找尋一些中文書籍,才發現,大部分有的書,都是歸類在德意志民族的漫長歷史裡的一部分,想要找到一部“斷代史”,似乎有點難度。後來總算是在北京商務那邊發現了這本由James Bryce《神聖羅馬帝國史》,卻又赫然發現它出書久遠已經沒了版權。台大法圖(很奇怪的地方><)雖然有一本,但筆者已經無權再外借書籍,而且校友要借書又貴鬆鬆,還不如乾脆直接下載電子版輸出成紙本還便宜多了。

一波三折後,總算是把它讀完了。如同豆瓣上的批評,這本書的原著經典,翻譯不及格,又是讓筆者含淚想找原文版。跟其它那些不通順的書一樣,單純的陳述都還可以,一到那種提及深刻理論,用到一堆修飾詞句的段落,就變成有字天書。不過,總算是還能弄懂James Bryce的核心論述,算是值得慶幸。

Bryce的這本《神羅史》原本是他的論文,因為備受好評而不斷的改版,最終修正已經是1923年的事情了。這本書對筆者而言有絕對收藏價值的原因,在於作者確實的把神羅放在了一個獨立外的專題去討論,而不再是一個“德意志的歷史時代中的一部分”(筆者是沒看過郭恆鈺先生的《德意志帝國史話》啦)。這之中的差別可大了。

說到神聖羅馬帝國,相信很多人都會想起伏爾泰的那句酸溜溜的名言:「它既不神聖,也非羅馬,更不是帝國。」這句話雖然是說到了點子上,但是,一個嚴謹的歷史研究者,是很為之全面認同。

做為歐洲最古老的政治機構之一,神聖羅馬帝國(以下簡稱神羅)幾乎延續了將近千年的國祚。在這漫長的歲月裡,人世滄桑的演變,猶如月有陰晴圓缺般,亦如紅顏也有衰老的一日,它的面貌早就已經跟初現時大不相同,伏爾泰的時代所見到的神羅,難道會跟查理曼或奧托的那個光榮相同嗎?所以,吾人只能說這位賢哲話說對了一半,或者是說,這句話不適用於整部神羅的浩瀚歷史中。


西元476年的那個變故,實際上只是終結了西部羅馬帝國的政權,就當時的各個大小王國的態度來說,即便認為羅馬帝國的威光仍遍布於歐洲西方,也不算是過分之詞。雖然早已經四分五裂,但是過去那曾經輝煌,如此光芒萬丈的回憶仍在。圖拉真大帝的威名依然閃爍,馬可‧奧留勒的智慧依舊清晰,人們習慣於服從那樣和平安穩的生活,秩序、穩定,暢行無阻的交通,歸於一統的律法,誰不希望過這樣的日子呢?對於那些條頓人、法蘭克人、哥特人王公而言,還有什麼比獲得羅馬皇帝恩賜的一官半職來得榮耀?來的更容易建立統治的威權?用來馴服那些不服教化的愚民,難道還有比羅馬法更加簡單,比舊日帝國的行政體系更加穩定的?因此,即便人們認為西部帝國不是滅亡,只是重新歸於提奧多西皇帝之前的統一治下,也不足為奇了。

羅馬帝國是那麼的值得令人懷念。在五、六世紀的人們心中確實就是如此。它是個世界性的概念,是普世的,是莊嚴而偉大的,尤其是當它跟神聖教會的結合後,天上俗世便不可分離了。這種現象,放眼整個上古的人類各個文明中,都是不那麼令人意外的。希臘人何嘗不是把自己當作文明的中心,即便波斯人的光芒無時不在刺激著雅典,他們還是輕蔑的用“野蠻人”來稱呼敵對者。在遙遠一端的黃河文明,光是看他們自稱“中國”就知道其意涵了,還有什麼比“居於世界中央之國”的華夏更偉大的呢?或許這些概念比較沒有那麼普世性,但是它爭取到的歸屬感卻是大同小異的。北魏孝文帝的漢化政策堪稱是“種族滅絕”,不過一兩代人的時間,又有誰分的出鮮卑人差別?“羅馬”也曾經是這樣的一個概念,即便這座城市不再是政治的中心,腐敗了,墮落了,但是,“皇帝在哪兒,帝國就在哪兒”,人們如此的堅信的。


不過,476年的那場變故還是讓某些事情悄悄的流轉了,而人們要很久之後才能感受到。自從君士坦丁之後,基督教世界跟羅馬世界等同為一,皇帝成為領袖而教皇服從於領導也是理所當然之事。然而,當西部帝國瓦解後,繼承了官僚體系的教會日形重要,他們跨足俗世與宗教兩端,一種獨立性慢慢的成型。尤其是當阿拉伯人興起所帶來的震撼跟衝擊促使君士坦丁堡日亦無暇西顧,同時在教義上的矛盾的激化,導致羅馬教皇開始偷偷的譏笑東部朝廷是“希臘的羅馬人”,逐漸的否定其領導權。尤其是經歷過七世紀到九世紀左右的那場衝擊之後,西歐的人們尋找新的一個領導中心的慾望更加強烈了。當法蘭克人的王國崛起而成為羅馬的新保護者,而君士坦丁堡朝廷為一個女人所統治時,教皇替曾經是帝國大敵的日耳曼人加冕,冠之以“羅馬皇帝”的尊榮也不足為奇了。


艾因哈德的那本著名的《查理曼大帝傳》曾記述說,在800年的那個聖誕節加冕中,如果查理曼預先知道教皇的企圖,他便不會輕易的接受這個榮耀。對於這句話的意思,許多歷史學家都給予了不同的解釋。但唯一真正了解查理曼心事的恐怕只有科西嘉的波拿巴晚輩吧。

對於這位幾乎恢復了西部羅馬帝國,“三分天下有其二”的法蘭克國王而言,有什麼理由不配接受這樣的殊榮呢?但是,查理曼的遠見使他洞察到了一件事情,一旦帝冠是由教皇所給予的話,那麼,未來政教之間必然會產生無止盡的衝突。

不幸的,他料中了。

放眼整個中世紀史,我們所能找到的皇帝與教皇之間和諧相處的例子恐怕不會超過人的一支手擁有的指頭數。

七至八世紀之後的混亂,導致歐洲陷入一種暴力野蠻的狀態,人們期盼的一種公平、正義的秩序的出現。而能夠完成這個夢想的只有基督教本身,並透過一個虔誠的強權來貫徹上帝的意旨在人間的實行。分別擔任此二種重擔的,分別彼得的後人跟凱撒皇帝。問題在於,究竟是做為賦予皇帝神聖權力的教皇為尊,還是代表上帝統治人間的奧古斯都才是領導,又或者是該服從基督所說的“上帝的歸上帝,凱撒的歸凱撒”呢?

這樣的爭執貫徹著整個中世紀的帝國史內。當教會腐敗時,皇權抬頭達到全盛時期,而因此受到刺激的內部改革又使教皇領導的精神力量重新壓倒俗世,卡諾莎的恥辱成為人們津津樂道的話題。

此外,羅馬城做為曾經統治世界的古都,其象徵意義在中世紀時因教皇法座的所在變的更加微妙了。或許他們並沒有那麼樣的虔誠,但也許更加的討厭條頓皇帝。畢竟,冠上“羅馬人的皇帝”這個殊榮的名字卻不是由這個城市人民選擇出來,怎麼可以被接受呢?反過來說,“羅馬皇帝”做為一個世界共主的象徵性,是如今的人們難以想像的(尤其是因為翻譯的關係,華人總把他跟我們自家的相同辭彙連結了)。雖然統治整個人類早就是一種腐朽的理想,但基本上西歐的各國仍然對於皇帝保持一種尊重,他們從不曾擅自僭越的超過界線,因為皇帝的尊號必定是來自於教皇的授予,且需在羅馬加冕,才是合法而有效,並具有神聖性的。(這邊就先把拜占庭帝國撇一邊吧)也因為這樣,歷代的條頓諸帝才會不斷的拋下自家國土不管,把精力放在義大利的征服上,結果顧此失彼,在腓特烈二世死後,帝國就每況愈下了。

文藝復興以後,世界開始天翻地覆的轉變。哥倫布的冒險揭開了新大陸的航海,從此也開始挑戰中古世紀的世界帝國理論,人們開始難以解釋為何還存在著未知的天地。而當帝國永久的失去了義大利之後,腓特烈三世成為最後一位在羅馬加冕的皇帝,到了馬克米西連的時代,則乾脆改國號為“德意志民族的神聖羅馬帝國”,最後當哈布斯堡家族永遠的世襲這個地位後,甚至幾乎被奧地利所吞沒了。

伏爾泰所諷刺的神羅大致上在這個時間點成型,宗教改革之後就徹底變成一具活殭屍,只缺最後一根稻草來壓垮它。

首先,當路德派開始出來挑戰中古教會的一切時,包括“神聖帝國”的理念也被徹底的推翻了。西發里亞條約後,皇帝的權力幾乎被剝的一乾二淨,恐怕連共主這個虛名都保持的那樣的令人苦笑。

而最後補上這一刀的則是那位來自科西嘉的皇帝拿破崙,他以查理曼大帝的後繼者自詡,處處模仿羅馬帝國的派頭,沿用了過去的加冕儀式,並在最終讓奧地利的佛朗茲二世自動自發的宣告退位,拱手讓出這個世界帝國的名字。

法蘭西帝國的曇花一現,只證明了“一個皇帝、一個宗教、一個帝國”的夢想是多麼遙不可及。於是神羅的復興也不再有人提及,即便是後來德意志民族最終在普魯士的領導下完成統一,他跟這個中世紀的帝國也不再有關係了。1870年,曾在歷史的困境中糾纏了數百年的德意志跟義大利分別完成建國大業,世界史從此走入了新的篇章。


本書完成在1923年,而作者本人在前一年過世了。他或許曾看到德意志帝國的瓦解,但肯定無緣見到歐盟的誕生。或許不論是歐盟,還是聯合國,都是人類對於過去那種世界帝國的理想的重拾,只可惜,在中古時代,原本被賦予這種可能性的原本應該是屬於超然地位的教皇,以公正的精神,仲裁國際間的秩序,維持和平,但事實證明他本人也可能偏袒於“較虔誠”的一方而終歸失敗。看來這種夢想始終還是一種奢望吧,而這正是筆者最感興趣跟喜好的。

總的來說,James Bryce在本書中的論述可以說是徹底的解決了筆者的許多疑惑,甚至包括普麥戰爭的原因石勒蘇亦格-梅爾斯泰因的領土紛爭,都有透過附錄解釋到。(帕馬斯頓你再鬼扯啊~XD)更別提對於皇帝頭銜、禮儀等的解說。

如果你跟筆者一樣對於神羅史很感興趣的話,相信是可以參考看看本書的。至於筆者,又要為了怎麼拿到原文版傷透腦筋了。><
共勉之。
Profile Image for he chow.
374 reviews1 follower
June 15, 2025
為什麼安徒生寫的是《皇帝的新衣》而不是《國王的新衣》呢?
https://manjuorg.wordpress.com/2025/0...

校對沒有意義。
漢譯本的唯一職責
大概就是把大致意思
翻譯過來就好了。
其它的不要深究。
本書地圖缺失,可以參考菊池良生著的《圖說神聖羅馬帝國簡史》,有大量詳細漢譯的地圖和王朝譜系。


禁忌的詞或不允許被準確理解的詞(本書並非一個譯者,不止一位校對,術語不統一是常態):
constitution:憲法、國體|書中替代詞:律令、制度
restoration:復辟、王政復古|替代詞:復興、重建
Vicar of (Jesus) Christ:教皇,基督的代理人|替代詞:人間代表
Patrician: (古羅馬)貴族,與平民相對;地方行政官|替代詞:貴人?中國的「貴人」不是妃嬪嗎?貴人相助的貴人也不是貴族,只是撒瑪利亞的好人而已吧。
missi : 拉丁語=enovy,(外交)特命全權公使|替代詞:欽差,巡迴使

dominion:統治主權,包含Roman Dominion, Universal Dominion, 亦即本書的核心觀念:世界君主國和世界宗教,兩者以神聖羅馬帝國和天主教會、皇帝(emperor)和教皇(pope)、俗權和教權之間的形式具象化,最重要的就是對主教和修道院長的聖職任命的敘任權鬥爭(Investiture Controversy),亦即本書的主軸。本書作者優先是一位法學家,其次是歷史學家。本書的統治主要指「dominion」=主宰。
與之相對應的是sway, the universal sway of Caesar. Sway也是統治、支配的意思,但是沒有上帝/天主/基督教會背書、與皇帝有一步之遙的國王(king)統治。

anti-pope: 對立教皇,敵對教皇|替代詞:偽教皇。呃,如果正統性這麼明確,皇帝和教皇就不用爭敘任權了。
priest:有人知道天主教是神父、神甫,有人不知道新教才使用「牧師」。前者愛用破門律,後者倒說開除教籍。「the Fathers」在基督教初期的時候則應為「教父」。

——勘誤(可勘可不勘)——

第3章 蠻族入侵
P24 維吉爾《艾尼亞斯紀》
His ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono, imperium sine fine dedi.
=For the Romans I will not limit time or space. Their rule will have no end.
=時空皆無定,無休付王廷(=羅馬人的統治沒有盡頭)。

P25
皇帝的「律令」(=constitution=憲法)
他的內政會議裁判院(=Consistory=天主教宗教法庭)

第4章 西部帝國的重建(=復辟)
p50 弒主者(=parricide=弒親者)

第6章 加洛林諸帝和義大利諸帝
p88
奧托是否疑懼為了全球統治的慾望而犧牲了德意志王國的偉大⋯⋯
「全球統治」錯的離譜了,中世紀背景而已。
「Universal Dominion」即拉丁語「Dominium mundi」的理念=(上帝的/神的)世界統治。

第7章 中世紀帝國的理論
p91
mutatis mutandis: 拉丁語(=準用,類推適用)
P93
Hindostan:印度(=印度斯坦)
p97
遺漏旁白小標題:Influence of the metaphysics of the time upon the theory of a World-State(=當時形而上學對世界國家理論的影響)。
A universal monarchy(普世君主制)被翻譯成「世界帝國」。呃, 此章節上下文World-Empire、World-State、World-Religion、World-Priest、World-Monarch 混亂。Realism翻譯成「唯實主義」,或許翻譯成「現實主義」、「實在論」更好一點。

第10章 帝國與教廷的鬥爭
此章開始以拋棄「excommunicate=破門律」為標誌,文風大變。前文偶爾也正常使用開除教籍。我個人不喜歡破門的譯法。
本章全文圍繞the Papacy,說的一直是教皇權力增長,譯者使用「教廷」,但後文羅馬教廷又誠實地對應Roman Church。這是兩個概念。

P152
原著的意思是神聖羅馬帝國的「皇帝頭銜」不能靠法律世襲,必須教皇親自加冕。譯者在此處搞糊塗了意思,因為德意志國王和義大利國王當然是世襲統治的。

P154
譯者此處若註明「羅馬王」的兩層意思更好,the King of Romans 不是King of Rome,譯者在翻譯中直譯為「羅馬人的國王」,實際上是神聖羅馬帝國的皇太子的稱謂,從候選人到正式加冕的這段時期,他被稱為「羅馬王=the King of Romans 」,源於1039年,始於亨利三世。在亨利四世和格雷戈里七世的敘任權鬥爭之間,亨利四世故意頻繁使用「羅馬王」的稱呼,很有織田信長特意使用「天下步武」的印章的意思。當然,教皇則故意使用「德意志王」的蔑稱來稱呼他。亨利四世樹立對立教皇克萊蒙三世而於1084年加冕為帝,此後歷代君主便形成慣例,戴冠前為羅馬王((Romanorum Rex)),戴冠後為羅馬皇帝(Romanorum Imperator)。

P162
對皇帝權力的限制(= Limitations of imperial prerogatives),但「prerogative」 比「權力=power」意思更進一層,應為:大權的權能,特權。
the internal constitution of German(德意志內部憲法|國體|政體) ,翻譯稱為「德意志內部制度」。憲制這個詞呵⋯⋯

第11章 皇帝們在義大利:紅鬍子腓特烈
P161
他和教廷(popedom)的關係:「popedom」為教皇統治
P169
赫木庫勒斯(Hercules):即海克力斯、赫拉克里斯,希臘神話中的半神英雄

第12章 皇帝尊號和僭妄要求(Pretentions)
Pretention=虛張聲勢。
P195
至「信仰的保衛者(英格蘭)這樣的頭銜便是證明。」此處本章正式完結。後面一段話無關緊要,屬於註釋內容,不是正文。

第13章 霍亨斯陶芬王朝的覆滅:政教之爭再起
一個概念模糊不清:Investiture(=敘任權),非普通的人事「授職」。

又兩個概念:Guelf(圭爾夫)=Welf(韋爾夫)=教皇派;Ghibeline(吉伯林)=皇帝派。即此章節中的「教皇黨人VS 帝黨」。

又兩個概念需要譯注說明:P205 所謂「政務詔令」=Pragmatic Sanctions=國事詔書(日文術語)。這是歐洲歷史上由君主發布、一級重要,近乎於國家基本法的詔書和敕令。不是普通的政務詔令。此處所指的兩份國事詔書分別是《神聖諸侯契約》(1220)與《世俗諸侯法案》(1231)。在書末《帝國歷史大事年表》中,使用「國事詔書」一詞無誤。第14章又升級為「國事詔令」了⋯⋯

Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis  ("Treaty with the princes of the church") =字面意思:與教會諸侯聯盟。
Statutum in favorem principum ("Statute in favour of the princes") =字面意思:有利於諸侯的法令。

P203 其子康拉德四世只比他多活了「四年」,而不是「三十四年」。

******

【帝國歷史大事年表】
p538
1189年 詞條遺漏
Death of William the Good, king of Sicily. The Sicilian kingdom and South Italy are claimed by Henry in right of his wife: but he is resisted by Tancred (illegitimate son of Roger, son of king Roger II), and does not master Sicily till 1194.
西西里國王「好人」威廉二世(=古列爾莫二世)逝世。亨利以其妻子的名義宣稱擁有西西里王國和南意大利的主權,但遭到坦克雷德(國王羅傑二世之子羅傑的私生子)的抵抗,直到1194年才最終征服西西里。

p546
攻進(=改進)帝國憲法的努力
P543
1415-1417 霍亨斯陶芬的腓特烈(=Frederick of Hohenzollern = 霍亨索倫的腓特烈)
Profile Image for Patrick.
423 reviews2 followers
August 22, 2025
The historian James Bryce (1838-1922) first published his history of the Holy Roman Empire in 1864, and revised it several times over the coming decades. When I taught World History, of course I could not resist using Voltaire’s quip (“Neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire”); it is the sort of thing that students remember. But there is a lot more to the story, and although this Bryce treatment is demanding, it is not at all musty. Catch this tart comment:

“Men were wont in those days to interpret Scripture in a singular fashion. Not only did it not occur to them to ask what meaning words had to those to whom they were originally addressed; they were quite as careless whether the sense they discovered was one which the language used would naturally and rationally bear to any reader at any time. No analogy was too faint, no allegory too fanciful, to be drawn out of a simple text.”
Profile Image for Steven Tone.
87 reviews1 follower
November 26, 2024
James Bryce’s 'The Holy Roman Empire,' originally published in 1864, provides a thorough and insightful analysis of the unique political institution that was the Holy Roman Empire. Despite some aspects of its analysis and structure being perceived as dated, the book remains a significant resource for those looking to grasp the evolution of European political systems. Bryce’s work is recognized for its depth, clarity, and balanced perspective, making it a valuable read for anyone interested in the historical context and development of the Holy Roman Empire.
63 reviews1 follower
September 30, 2020
I found the style of the book impossible to follow which no doubt is a weakness in me rather than the author however this edition I was reading was written in 1870 and forms part of the forgotten books series. I am aware through my knowledge of music that this latter 19th century era was the Romantic era and this book perhaps is a product of its time, the author at times gives the impression he can sense the emotions and passions of people in the historical eras he covers which for me was hard to buy into as today we are used to authors whose works are based on well researched facts rather than feelings.
1 review1 follower
December 13, 2016
Insightful nuanced overview of the ideology of 1,800 years of the Holy Roman Empire.

A chronological history of the concepts within the ideology of the Holy Roman Empire. It's duality of a universal church and a universal ruling system that nurtures and give birth to its eventual evolution to today.
387 reviews5 followers
March 4, 2016
Exhausting

Long book that starts with Charlemagne and goes to Barbarossa and then basically nothing till the Empires demise. I found it disappointing for that reason as I wanted to find out than what is presented in the book.
Profile Image for he chow.
374 reviews1 follower
June 11, 2025
除了本書開篇的【帝國歷史大事年表】是歷史,其他是法學家的著述。

此書叫《神聖羅馬帝國》,不叫《神聖羅馬帝國史》。
全書解決三個法律源頭問題:
哪裡神聖?哪裡羅馬?哪裡帝國?

法學術語和歷史術語不可相提並論。
我不知道為什麼這本書的漢譯本會歸爲歷史。
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