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432 pages, ebook
First published January 1, 1956
”Поради липсата на широко скроен ум и достатъчно познание бе изгубена една велика кауза.”

”For lack of a broad mind and sufficient knowledge, a great cause was lost.”
In the name of glory, a woman consciously misses out on her entire life. In the name of absolute power, she fervently chooses absolute solitude, crushing and literally killing every spark of love—for a lover, a son, friends. She chooses to sharpen her mind like a blade and pay for it with a virtually deadened heart.
Pearl Buck draws a rather softened and humanized personal portrait of Cixi compared to her real-world politics, which are also faithfully described in the book: conservatism, arrogance, and rigidity, sacrificing a large portion of the empire's national and economic interests for the sake of autocracy and permanence, guided by the principle "L'État, c'est moi" (I am the state). The woman and the empress, as depicted, never quite merged into a single persona for me, and Buck's personal sympathies—though somewhat balanced by the portrayal of her protagonist's actual deeds—feel somewhat forced into the narrative.
Let us look at the empress, at least. The Cixi of the novel considers herself and strives to be a strong and just ruler according to Confucian understandings, interpreted as guardians of the status quo. She is only the second woman on the throne of the Celestial Empire, with more than a millennium separating her 19th century from that of her predecessor, Wu. Yet—unfortunately—Cixi is instead a short-sighted and rather narrow-minded despot who sets in motion the beginning of the end for the empire by underestimating, ignoring, or yielding to every key threat that would plunge China into bloody chaos over the following century. Colonial predators, Japanese imperialism, progress and the benefits of the Industrial Revolution, the blending of trade and culture, and the expansion of the world are only a few of the factors Cixi firmly and consistently ignores, whose advantages she never leverages. The concept of "reform" does not exist in her political toolkit at all; to the very end, she remains a staunch defender of the past as the established model for the future. To top it off, she intentionally leaves no strong successor behind, having eradicated, banished, and suffocated all competition, which largely predetermines the collapses of the 20th century.
It is difficult for a woman to rule in a man's world. But it is even more tragic when coupled with missed wisdom and unrealized opportunities. In this case, one wonders whether all those sacrifices and an entire wasted human life—which could have contained at least happiness and love—were really worth it. To the end, the answer remained negative for me. Pearl Buck tries with her wonderful style to bestow a more human aura upon her heroine, but alas—against the backdrop of real historical actions, even the author's sympathy (or, well, that of Jung Lu) remains powerless. Such an empress cannot be fully respected, nor can the woman depicted be truly loved.

TZU HSI, THE LAST ruling Empress of China, was a woman so diverse in her gifts, so contradictory in her behavior, so rich in the many aspects of her personality, that it is difficult to comprehend and convey her whole self. She lived in a crucial period of history, when China was struggling against encroachment while at the same time the need for modern reform was obvious. In this period Tzu Hsi was conservative and independent. She was ruthless when necessary. Those who opposed her feared and hated her and they were more articulate than those who loved her. Western writers, with few exceptions, describe her unfavorably and even vindictively...The empress passed away on November 15th, 1908.
...To them she was the imperial woman. Good and evil mingled in her, but always in heroic dimension. She resisted modern change as long as she could, for she believed that the old was better than the new. When she saw change was inevitable, she accepted it with grace but an unchanged heart...
...Her people loved her—not all her people, for the revolutionary, the impatient, hated her heartily and she hated them. But the peasants and the small-town people revered her. Decades after she was dead I came upon villages in the inlands of China where the people thought she still lived and were frightened when they heard she was dead. “Who will care for us now?” they cried. This, perhaps, is the final judgment of a ruler.
Good and evil mingled in her, but always in heroic dimensions.
"You have chosen greatness," he said in her silence. "Therefore you must be great."