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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world.
The son of a senior government official, Gandhi was born and raised in a Hindu Bania community in coastal Gujarat, and trained in law in London. Gandhi became famous by fighting for the civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Africa, using new techniques of non-violent civil disobedience that he developed. Returning to India in 1915, he set about organizing peasants to protest excessive land-taxes. A lifelong opponent of "communalism" (i.e. basing politics on religion) he reached out widely to all religious groups. He became a leader of Muslims protesting the declining status of the Caliphate. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, increasing economic self-reliance, and above all for achieving Swaraj—the independence of India from British domination. His spiritual teacher was the Jain philosopher/poet Shrimad Rajchandra.
How great it is to have access to material like this. As far as reading it from cover to cover it's a bit repetitive. It mostly covers from 1919 to 1921.
How interesting it was to be wrapping up my reading of Gandhi (1920 and 1921) on tolerance, love, and kindness in politics as the election results played out here in the US. It was a good exercise in balance and grounding.
Morality, cooperation and character really do matter, even in the most contentious times. Gandhi spoke up for Muslims in India and Turkey, and saw that alliance with Hindus as key to a successful birth of the modern state of India.