"Full meditative absolutions are the means to an end, namely insight. If the mind cannot become one-pointed, insight will not arise. The mind will remain contracted, dull, hampered by obstructions. Our full potential arises when we can direct our minds at all times to wherever we wish. Only then does the totality of anicca, dukkha, and anattā become an inner reality. Until the reactions and obstructions have been removed from the mind there will be no room for new realizations" (105).
Anicca = impermanence
Dukkha = the unsatisfactory nature of existence / suffering
Anattā = non-self / non-ego / impersonality
To gain insight into these three precepts of Buddhism is the purpose of meditation. The reason there is dukkha in our lives is because we hold to the illusion that there is a self to experience suffering. The purpose of Theravada Buddhism, therefore, is to achieve non-self so as to free the mind from dukkha and to become an arahant (achieving deliverance of mind in this life). To achieve this non-self, one must practice the concentration of the mind so as to purify the mind from reactions, desires, thoughts, and cravings.
To achieve peace we must recognize that everything is fleeting and therefore cannot provide lasting satisfaction. Our thoughts, cravings, reactions, etcetera are all manifestations of dukkha, which keep us from the peace found in nothingness. This nothingness is not nihilistic nothingness, but rather the experience of not being weighed down by any mind movement. Meditation is not an act of adding to ourselves, but rather a stripping away. "We must not think that we need to add something to ourselves in order to become complete. We have to discard all our identifications. Then we become a whole person" (108). Khema continues, "Wanting nothing goes beyond not wanting, because one now accepts the reality that there is nothing worthwhile to be had" (129).
Realizing this 'nothing' comes from a strong effort of concentration not only during meditation, but in each waking moment—to notice thoughts and reactions, recognize the ephemeral nature of every moment, label thoughts and attitudes so as to decline ownership, and to let go of current clinging and future expectations.
Although I am not a Buddhist, I found this book to be incredibly interesting, as I had never read a book which laid out practical Buddhist doctrine so plainly (at least in the Theravada tradition). Despite not holding to doctrines such as reincarnation and the 31 planes of existence, I find the concepts of anicca, dukkha, and anattā to be self-evident. Furthermore, I find Ayya Khema's (or rather the Theravada tradition's) 'solution' to dukkha to be intuitive and practical. I believe more people would engage in effortful meditation if it weren't for skepticism of the practice's efficacy—people are justifiably suspicious of a practice which requires a lifetime of effort if they are not certain of the results. Nevertheless, I find enough in Khema's writing to recognize the remarkable impact of meditation in one's life, whether or not I believe all the doctrines laid out in this book. However, I believe Khema would say that is fine. In meditation we are meant to let go of our beliefs and opinions, so as to experience the truth of our existence.