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163 pages, Kindle Edition
First published April 1, 2009
Modern science, especially in the United States, fights a pitched intellectual battle against religious fundamentalism, most notably in the arena of evolution and creationism. As a professional scientist, I understand the necessity of discrediting unsupportable alternatives to the evidence for evolution. The problem is that mainstream science has itself become dangerously dogmatic and dismissive of evidence that does not accord with its philosophical beliefs.
In its most extreme form, modern reductionism— the assumption that nothing can be greater than the sum of its parts— precludes any meaningful engagement with a spiritual worldview, because all substantive elements of spirituality are regarded as pure fantasy. Reductionists, who unfortunately represent the majority view of science today, may be comfortable in a limited scientific-spiritual dialogue, but only if the spirituality is reduced (in the true spirit of reductionism!) to moral and ethical codes of conduct. Likewise religious practices, in this dialog, are interpreted as mere social and cultural events, as if there were no ontological difference between a Saturday night rave and a Sunday morning church service, both merely serving the roles of community rituals.
There are some dissenting voices, however. Incisive recent books by biologist Kenneth Miller and theologian John Haught, for instance, make a compelling case for the compatibility of Darwin and God. For myself, I have no problem accepting evolution, a fourteen-billion-year-old universe, a Big Bang, and a creator. What I cannot accept is fundamentalism in the guise of scientific inquiry.
It is acceptable today, even fashionable, to publish scientific papers that propound theories of invisible universes that may be adjacent to our own in other dimensions. Some have even postulated universes right on top of our own, interpenetrating the space we inhabit, supporting their claims with impressive mathematics that invoke, for example, opposite chirality particles and interactions. These theories, called superstring and M-brane theories, are among the most exciting and prestigious frontiers of modern physics. They have served as foundation for many coveted reputations and many successful academic careers. I myself have had postdocs working for me who are experts in these areas.
If a religious person talks about transcendent spiritual realities, however, he or she is scoffed at. For some reason, the eleven- or twenty-six-dimensional string worlds of scientific theory are plausible, but the supernatural realms of mysticism are judged to be mere superstition. The word “supernatural” has been pretty successfully discredited by the reductionist guardians of the scientific world (meaning the world of particles and fields). For some reason, the hypothetical multiverses and hyperdimensions of modern physics, which remain purely theoretical, are accepted by science, while the experiential reports of mystics throughout the ages of transcendent (i.e. supernatural) realities are dismissed or ignored. As an astrophysicist, I am partial to observations: I cannot ignore those experiences. Indeed, it seems to me that there is better empirical evidence for the existence of God than there is for the many dimensions of string theory.
Science is driven by a spirit of inquiry and methodical investigation and analysis. It is a highly successful enterprise for the investigation of the physical world. But to claim that investigation of the physical world rules out inquiry into anything spiritual is both irrational and dogmatic. To reject evidence simply on the grounds that it cannot yet be measured with instruments in a laboratory is contrary to the scientific spirit of inquiry. It is time to move beyond this fundamentalist science model.
The challenge for the institution of modern science is to be true to its fundamental commitment to examine evidence. Scientists must resist the temptation to explain away evidence like neardeath experiences, simply because they contradict the reductionist paradigm. The analogous challenge for religion is to replace dogma and revealed truth with a genuine, unfettered search for an experiential truth. Ironically, religion may put itself out of business if it successfully elevates humanity to a level of consciousness that no longer requires a spiritual middleman. In my view this would be a good thing given the many unspiritual factors that have influenced organized religion. On the other hand, I think we will practice some form of science forever— provided that science can evolve beyond the constraints of its reductionist ideology. Curiosity is, after all, an essential trait of human consciousness.