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Envy And Gratitude And Other Works, 1946-1963
Tavistock Press was established as a co-operative venture between the Tavistock Institute and Routledge & Kegan Paul (RKP) in the 1950s to produce a series of major contributions across the social sciences.
This volume is part of a 2001 reissue of a selection of those important works which have since gone out of print, or are difficult to locate. Published by Routledge, 112 volumes in total are being brought together under the name The International Behavioural and Social Sciences Classics from the Tavistock Press.
Reproduced here in facsimile, this volume was originally published in 1957 and is available individually. The collection is also available in a number of themed mini-sets of between 5 and 13 volumes, or as a complete collection.
This volume is part of a 2001 reissue of a selection of those important works which have since gone out of print, or are difficult to locate. Published by Routledge, 112 volumes in total are being brought together under the name The International Behavioural and Social Sciences Classics from the Tavistock Press.
Reproduced here in facsimile, this volume was originally published in 1957 and is available individually. The collection is also available in a number of themed mini-sets of between 5 and 13 volumes, or as a complete collection.
368 pages, Hardcover
First published May 8, 1968
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About the author
Melanie Klein
106 books241 followersAn Austrian-born British psychoanalyst who devised novel therapeutic techniques for children that had a significant impact on child psychology and contemporary psychoanalysis. She was a leading innovator in theorizing object relations theory.
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May 5, 2010Psychoanalyst Dr David Bell has chosen to discuss Envy and Gratitude by Melanie Klein on FiveBooks as one of the top five on his subject - Psychoanalysis, saying that:
“…Melanie Klein is perhaps the most influential post-Freudian and, where Freud found the child in the adult and saw how all of us carry within us childhood thoughts, feelings and fantasies that have a determining effect on our lives, often unconsciously, Klein found the infant in the child. She developed a form of psychoanalysis that could access the internal life of quite young children.
She developed this through the play technique. So, where an adult is asked to free-associate, a child is invited to play with a box of toys or pens and paper. In the playing he expresses his own inner world. In the same way as it was shocking at the time that adults could express repressed desires, Klein’s way of talking to children also draws out sometimes very destructive impulses.
Envy and Gratitude is a mature work and more approachable than some of her others. Here Klein expresses the forms that envy and gratitude take. She develops the idea of a polarity between our relations to ‘the object’ (usually the mother). Gratitude is love and the capacity to take from the object and enjoy what we have taken, but, just as basic, is the disposition to envy. This is not ‘I wish I had that car’ but this is a hatred of the good. She quotes Chaucer as saying that all sins are sins against a particular virtue but that envy is the worst because it is a sin against virtue itself. ‘I hate that because it is good.’ …”
The full interview is available here: http://fivebooks.com/interviews/david...
“…Melanie Klein is perhaps the most influential post-Freudian and, where Freud found the child in the adult and saw how all of us carry within us childhood thoughts, feelings and fantasies that have a determining effect on our lives, often unconsciously, Klein found the infant in the child. She developed a form of psychoanalysis that could access the internal life of quite young children.
She developed this through the play technique. So, where an adult is asked to free-associate, a child is invited to play with a box of toys or pens and paper. In the playing he expresses his own inner world. In the same way as it was shocking at the time that adults could express repressed desires, Klein’s way of talking to children also draws out sometimes very destructive impulses.
Envy and Gratitude is a mature work and more approachable than some of her others. Here Klein expresses the forms that envy and gratitude take. She develops the idea of a polarity between our relations to ‘the object’ (usually the mother). Gratitude is love and the capacity to take from the object and enjoy what we have taken, but, just as basic, is the disposition to envy. This is not ‘I wish I had that car’ but this is a hatred of the good. She quotes Chaucer as saying that all sins are sins against a particular virtue but that envy is the worst because it is a sin against virtue itself. ‘I hate that because it is good.’ …”
The full interview is available here: http://fivebooks.com/interviews/david...
February 12, 2020
4 stars, won't buy a copy, will get a PDF, will strongly recommend to others, will include in recommended-reading lists.
Melanie Klein is known for her contributions to the practice of psychoanalysis in the 40s and 50s. Psychoanalysis is a pretty specific practice that involves linking adult behaviors and thought processes to childhood developmental experiences. Dreams, relationships, and even the relationship between analyst and subject are analyzed.
Texts written by psychoanalysts for analysts, such as “Envy and Gratitude and Other Works” might be too technical for most people, as it often was for me. It also often sounds judgemental and self-righteous, especially in the way the analyst interprets their patients reactions and projections on them. This may be typical of psychoanalysis. That said, I’m not at all prepared to say those reactions are wrong.
It was explained to me that undergoing psychoanalysis was not initially designed as a once-a-week thing, but a daily exchange with one’s analyst. I can imagine that that would disrupt shyness, barriers and trust factor faster, and indeed affect dreams, provoke reactions, projections, etc. by being such a sudden long immersion in therapy.
Someone told me that author Israel Regardie, who published the papers and rituals of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, said that all occultists ought to undergo psychoanalysis. I have to agree. Self-knowledge is an essential first step - and then an essential maintained practice - in the completion of The Great Work. Along those lines was this book was recommended to me, along with some other books related to psychology and mechanics of the mind.
I especially appreciated the “Notes On…” section in this edition which summarized Kleins papers connected their themes with each other. It helped with the understanding of the texts.
As for the texts themselves, Klein made many observations and connections that I appreciated because they offered some perspective on why I have some of the reactions and habits that I do. The relationships between envy and gratitude, anxiety and persecution - and self-persecution - and discussions on splitting were very thought provoking.
YouTube has a lot to offer us now in order for us to understand our psychological selves - integrating the shadow, attachment styles, dream analysis, group dynamics, transactional analysis, attachment theory… these, and works like Klein’s are especially important for Magickal practicionners. Occultism doesn't attract normal people. I don't mean for this to sound harsh, but we’re obviously seeking something different from the majority. Because of that, we must all the more challenge ourselves, examine and understand ourselves, our motivations and aspirations.
Melanie Klein is known for her contributions to the practice of psychoanalysis in the 40s and 50s. Psychoanalysis is a pretty specific practice that involves linking adult behaviors and thought processes to childhood developmental experiences. Dreams, relationships, and even the relationship between analyst and subject are analyzed.
Texts written by psychoanalysts for analysts, such as “Envy and Gratitude and Other Works” might be too technical for most people, as it often was for me. It also often sounds judgemental and self-righteous, especially in the way the analyst interprets their patients reactions and projections on them. This may be typical of psychoanalysis. That said, I’m not at all prepared to say those reactions are wrong.
It was explained to me that undergoing psychoanalysis was not initially designed as a once-a-week thing, but a daily exchange with one’s analyst. I can imagine that that would disrupt shyness, barriers and trust factor faster, and indeed affect dreams, provoke reactions, projections, etc. by being such a sudden long immersion in therapy.
Someone told me that author Israel Regardie, who published the papers and rituals of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, said that all occultists ought to undergo psychoanalysis. I have to agree. Self-knowledge is an essential first step - and then an essential maintained practice - in the completion of The Great Work. Along those lines was this book was recommended to me, along with some other books related to psychology and mechanics of the mind.
I especially appreciated the “Notes On…” section in this edition which summarized Kleins papers connected their themes with each other. It helped with the understanding of the texts.
As for the texts themselves, Klein made many observations and connections that I appreciated because they offered some perspective on why I have some of the reactions and habits that I do. The relationships between envy and gratitude, anxiety and persecution - and self-persecution - and discussions on splitting were very thought provoking.
YouTube has a lot to offer us now in order for us to understand our psychological selves - integrating the shadow, attachment styles, dream analysis, group dynamics, transactional analysis, attachment theory… these, and works like Klein’s are especially important for Magickal practicionners. Occultism doesn't attract normal people. I don't mean for this to sound harsh, but we’re obviously seeking something different from the majority. Because of that, we must all the more challenge ourselves, examine and understand ourselves, our motivations and aspirations.
February 22, 2021
Reading Melanie Klein's Envy and Gratitude I was confronted with my own experiences of growing up with schizophrenia and the circular rhythms of mental illness from my earliest youth. In her book she explains how an excessive withdrawal to an inner world leads to the ensuing flight into idealized internal objects. I definitely had a childhood social functioning disorder; I lived in a world of television and MAD magazine; I mostly consumed a variety of junk food, I believe I had some type of eating disorder, I was stoic in terms of affect; like an autistic person, I lived in my own world; now I know I was suffering from delusions; for me it manifested in my now I realize to be pathological fantasizing and preoccupation with inner experience it was an obsessional fantasy, the idea of my eventual fame and notoriety for passionate love with the "perfect woman"; I had a powerful imagination which could make fantasy come to life before my eyes, I did my "thinkings" before bed -- it was a practice I designed, a routine where I would take scenes I had encountered in pop-culture, television movies and comic books and write them down on paper with the purpose of re-enacting them before sleep overtook me that night.
I can vouch for the accuracy of Klein's observations: I experienced an exaggerated sense of guilt which eventually developed into a psychological complex: my feeling of unconscious responsibility for the two people who stood as representatives for the aggressive parts of the self, my mother and father. I split my parents into good and bad signs as the one who gave me love (mother) and the one who hated me (father); my chronic guilt developed into feelings of inadequacy which plagued me up until the time of my car accident.
As a teenager I was obsessed with just about everything I set my eyes on including fellow students, schoolwork, women on television and music -- basically everything in the popular consciousness -- and I can see how my desire to control others was a projection of my unconscious drive to control parts of the self; my mother took me to a church in nearby Letchworth Village a residential home for developmentally disabled people and I wished to be like them and to provoke sympathy from others; now people look on my pityingly because of how I walk and talk with my asymmetrical face; now in my convalescent home for senior citizens and disabled people, a circle of basically ignorant and culturally illiterate people, I can see how this experience has left indelible traces on me.
There was in my case an excessive weakening of the ego, maybe it stemmed from my depression but there the feeling that there is nothing to sustain myself and a corresponding feeling that there was a violence that needed to be exercised and a welling sense of loneliness that affected my daily life and made me keep my distance from everything that I considered practical life; I was enraptured by my own sense of inferiority.
I agree wholeheartedly with Klein's proposed thesis that many schizophrenics regress cognitively to the point of mental deficiency in the fact that projective identification, the primary ego-defense of schizophrenia, leads to an impoverishment of the ego; I am brain damaged and I avoid humiliation by keeping to myself even now, which is a good position for a writer without a name.
I have had many girlfriends but the one who really loved me the most was my first sexual girlfriend. Her name was Sara B., we had similar interests in books, music and movies and a mutual interest in Bob Dylan -- bordering on obsession in my case -- I first met her at Rockland Community College and I liked the fact that she seemed liberated but that she seemed like a girl that would wind up being ignored by most men. She was Jewish and an ugly duckling, she appeared to my eyes to be a woman while the others were just girls - she seemed more knowledgeable and older than I was even though she was born in 1973, a year after I was born. She attended nearby Vassar College when I was at Bard - I have a fantasy of her in her room, writing me a letter she would never send while listening to Bonnie Raitt's first album, the one with the song where she sings with dramatic solemnity, "I want you to love me like a man, like my backbone was your own," well, in fact, her sexuality stunned me and overwhelmed me I was shocked by it; she had a life that didn't begin with me as in a story-book and I couldn't handle that reality and I eventually broke up with her because I didn't think she was "honorable" not being virginal and so not worth buying diamonds for a dying for as my chivalric code of the husband demanded. I used to make love to her six or seven times a night to the point that we were both sore afterwards but I was jealous of her previous relationships and how her mother allowed her Friday afternoons at home alone with her boyfriend, she liked Italian men.
I think it was a result of the inborn conflict arising from ambivalence, the psychological conflict between opposing forces, and my exposure to an ascetic form of Christianity which lead to my rejection of a belief in the struggle between love and death, which I never explored all that zealously because it seemed unimportant. My attraction to the sinful underworld promoted an increase in the sense of guilt and manifested itself as a sign of an unfulfilled erotic demand.
Klein's statement on loneliness: she sees it as being derived from what is a common affliction, our desperate longing to arrive at what is essentially a myth, an inaccessible apex of perfection, which in the case of schizophrenics is markedly accelerated and often springs from paranoid and depressive anxieties which are themselves derivatives of the infant's psychotic anxieties; there remains an craving to enter the nonverbal realm of speech, which Klein says is the desire to re-experience the relationship to one's mother; she says that the experience of insecurity is the root cause of loneliness.
Klein: The earliest defenses of the ego are directed against the anxiety aroused from aggressive impulses and fantasies; the desire to make reparation to the injured love object is linked to the onset of depressive anxiety with relation to part-objects; the ego is driven to come to terms with its own destructive impulses; this contributes to the drive toward integration; integration, if it could be achieved, would have the effect of mitigating hate by love and so make destructive impulses less powerful. I had an attraction towards fascist propaganda and, simultaneously, I was met with the demands of the superego to identify with both parents in a quest to internalize the primary object of the mother; since in my case the element of guilt was predominant it had the effect of interfering with these identifications.
Going to Bard College when I was 21, after my experience recovering from a traumatic brain-injury, gave me entree to a "Bohemian" lifestyle surrounded by like-minded people who were young, talented and antisocial; there is a overwhelming feeling that there is no group to which it can be said that one belongs. Klein says that schizophrenics have the sense that the glamour of the world is gone forever: I remember how devastated I was when Princess Diana died. At that time, nature represented for me not only truth and God and beauty but goodness. I thought I had finally internalized the good object as a faithful consumer of televised propaganda and assimilating an integrated object but I was misled: Klein says that the search for idealized inner objects is projected onto the external world and may be linked with a defective sense of reality; I believe I am a textbook case of this phenomenon.
I have finally found the right medication for me, so would Klein say I have internalized the good breast and achieved a correct balance of features of the internal and external ego-Ideal, the foundation for integration which is one of the most important factors in diminishing the sense of loneliness? In my case I am leading a happy independent existence but I realize it doesn't always turn out this well for people with schizophrenia; my mother visits me frequently, she is of the highest importance to me but I feel that, at almost fifty years of age, I am finally able to live without her when it comes to pass, as it eventually will...
When I was contacted by the Holy Spirit in my dorm room in 1995, during my senior year at Bard, when I was at work on Postmodern Christianity as an independent study, I realized that this human form is a vessel to be abandoned at the lip of the other shore; I consider myself potentially the greatest writer in the U.S. but I think a Christian should be nothing in this world and I can truly say that I have no fear of death. Although I would never commit suicide I am looking forward to the life to come; whoso loves God must not be expected to be loved by him in turn. Until that time, I remain youthful and unmarried, committed to America and its time-honored custom of recurring political anxieties and I am prepared for mobilization in wartime against the forces of antisemitism.
Forever, Andrew B. Noselli
I can vouch for the accuracy of Klein's observations: I experienced an exaggerated sense of guilt which eventually developed into a psychological complex: my feeling of unconscious responsibility for the two people who stood as representatives for the aggressive parts of the self, my mother and father. I split my parents into good and bad signs as the one who gave me love (mother) and the one who hated me (father); my chronic guilt developed into feelings of inadequacy which plagued me up until the time of my car accident.
As a teenager I was obsessed with just about everything I set my eyes on including fellow students, schoolwork, women on television and music -- basically everything in the popular consciousness -- and I can see how my desire to control others was a projection of my unconscious drive to control parts of the self; my mother took me to a church in nearby Letchworth Village a residential home for developmentally disabled people and I wished to be like them and to provoke sympathy from others; now people look on my pityingly because of how I walk and talk with my asymmetrical face; now in my convalescent home for senior citizens and disabled people, a circle of basically ignorant and culturally illiterate people, I can see how this experience has left indelible traces on me.
There was in my case an excessive weakening of the ego, maybe it stemmed from my depression but there the feeling that there is nothing to sustain myself and a corresponding feeling that there was a violence that needed to be exercised and a welling sense of loneliness that affected my daily life and made me keep my distance from everything that I considered practical life; I was enraptured by my own sense of inferiority.
I agree wholeheartedly with Klein's proposed thesis that many schizophrenics regress cognitively to the point of mental deficiency in the fact that projective identification, the primary ego-defense of schizophrenia, leads to an impoverishment of the ego; I am brain damaged and I avoid humiliation by keeping to myself even now, which is a good position for a writer without a name.
I have had many girlfriends but the one who really loved me the most was my first sexual girlfriend. Her name was Sara B., we had similar interests in books, music and movies and a mutual interest in Bob Dylan -- bordering on obsession in my case -- I first met her at Rockland Community College and I liked the fact that she seemed liberated but that she seemed like a girl that would wind up being ignored by most men. She was Jewish and an ugly duckling, she appeared to my eyes to be a woman while the others were just girls - she seemed more knowledgeable and older than I was even though she was born in 1973, a year after I was born. She attended nearby Vassar College when I was at Bard - I have a fantasy of her in her room, writing me a letter she would never send while listening to Bonnie Raitt's first album, the one with the song where she sings with dramatic solemnity, "I want you to love me like a man, like my backbone was your own," well, in fact, her sexuality stunned me and overwhelmed me I was shocked by it; she had a life that didn't begin with me as in a story-book and I couldn't handle that reality and I eventually broke up with her because I didn't think she was "honorable" not being virginal and so not worth buying diamonds for a dying for as my chivalric code of the husband demanded. I used to make love to her six or seven times a night to the point that we were both sore afterwards but I was jealous of her previous relationships and how her mother allowed her Friday afternoons at home alone with her boyfriend, she liked Italian men.
I think it was a result of the inborn conflict arising from ambivalence, the psychological conflict between opposing forces, and my exposure to an ascetic form of Christianity which lead to my rejection of a belief in the struggle between love and death, which I never explored all that zealously because it seemed unimportant. My attraction to the sinful underworld promoted an increase in the sense of guilt and manifested itself as a sign of an unfulfilled erotic demand.
Klein's statement on loneliness: she sees it as being derived from what is a common affliction, our desperate longing to arrive at what is essentially a myth, an inaccessible apex of perfection, which in the case of schizophrenics is markedly accelerated and often springs from paranoid and depressive anxieties which are themselves derivatives of the infant's psychotic anxieties; there remains an craving to enter the nonverbal realm of speech, which Klein says is the desire to re-experience the relationship to one's mother; she says that the experience of insecurity is the root cause of loneliness.
Klein: The earliest defenses of the ego are directed against the anxiety aroused from aggressive impulses and fantasies; the desire to make reparation to the injured love object is linked to the onset of depressive anxiety with relation to part-objects; the ego is driven to come to terms with its own destructive impulses; this contributes to the drive toward integration; integration, if it could be achieved, would have the effect of mitigating hate by love and so make destructive impulses less powerful. I had an attraction towards fascist propaganda and, simultaneously, I was met with the demands of the superego to identify with both parents in a quest to internalize the primary object of the mother; since in my case the element of guilt was predominant it had the effect of interfering with these identifications.
Going to Bard College when I was 21, after my experience recovering from a traumatic brain-injury, gave me entree to a "Bohemian" lifestyle surrounded by like-minded people who were young, talented and antisocial; there is a overwhelming feeling that there is no group to which it can be said that one belongs. Klein says that schizophrenics have the sense that the glamour of the world is gone forever: I remember how devastated I was when Princess Diana died. At that time, nature represented for me not only truth and God and beauty but goodness. I thought I had finally internalized the good object as a faithful consumer of televised propaganda and assimilating an integrated object but I was misled: Klein says that the search for idealized inner objects is projected onto the external world and may be linked with a defective sense of reality; I believe I am a textbook case of this phenomenon.
I have finally found the right medication for me, so would Klein say I have internalized the good breast and achieved a correct balance of features of the internal and external ego-Ideal, the foundation for integration which is one of the most important factors in diminishing the sense of loneliness? In my case I am leading a happy independent existence but I realize it doesn't always turn out this well for people with schizophrenia; my mother visits me frequently, she is of the highest importance to me but I feel that, at almost fifty years of age, I am finally able to live without her when it comes to pass, as it eventually will...
When I was contacted by the Holy Spirit in my dorm room in 1995, during my senior year at Bard, when I was at work on Postmodern Christianity as an independent study, I realized that this human form is a vessel to be abandoned at the lip of the other shore; I consider myself potentially the greatest writer in the U.S. but I think a Christian should be nothing in this world and I can truly say that I have no fear of death. Although I would never commit suicide I am looking forward to the life to come; whoso loves God must not be expected to be loved by him in turn. Until that time, I remain youthful and unmarried, committed to America and its time-honored custom of recurring political anxieties and I am prepared for mobilization in wartime against the forces of antisemitism.
Forever, Andrew B. Noselli
May 24, 2020
Much of what I enjoy about earlier psychoanalytic writings come down to poetic descriptions of character. For example, that clients with a lot of envy and also paranoia may be very concerned about leaving sessions on time, not because of their conscientiousness, but rather because of their fear of their own greed. I have a patient that this describes very well.
However, having to wade through all of the early psychoanalytic language relating to oedipal complex, penis envy, good breasts and bad breasts isn't enjoyable. The arrogant dream interpretations are also painful. While using dreams as a way for patients to project themselves onto symbols can be useful props for therapy, the conviction that these early theorists have that their interpretations are objectively true is so hard to swallow.
I had high hopes for this book, but the antiquated theories and focus on the therapist as objectively superior is too much.
However, having to wade through all of the early psychoanalytic language relating to oedipal complex, penis envy, good breasts and bad breasts isn't enjoyable. The arrogant dream interpretations are also painful. While using dreams as a way for patients to project themselves onto symbols can be useful props for therapy, the conviction that these early theorists have that their interpretations are objectively true is so hard to swallow.
I had high hopes for this book, but the antiquated theories and focus on the therapist as objectively superior is too much.
September 16, 2018
Klein is the clearest writer among the Freudians, in my opinion. Worth reading today, particularly the titular essay, to grasp why Freudian theory remains relevant, if in need of reinterpretation.
October 10, 2024
İlk 3 makale Klein 1950 yılına kadar, onun toulugunu ve teorinin oturmamisligini gosteriyor. Hem çevirisi olsun hem belkide orijinal metni olsun bana 2016 model volksagen polo motor tamiri el manueli hissini verdi. Akademik bir kitap olsada yazardan bir elegans bekliyoruz sanırım bir miktar kabahat cevirenrde ait. Ama Klein in magnum opus haset ve sukrana gelince kleinde hayatinda ve mesleğinde daha olgun bir yerde olduğu için ve belkide anlatmayı istediği konu kendine çok daha yakın olduğundan, çok daha anlaşılır ve manali-derin bir metinle karşılaşıyoruz. Ileride tekrar göz atacağım bir referans kitabı olacak
May 26, 2025
«حسادت و شکرگزاری» نه صرفاً کتابی دربارهی مفاهیم روانتحلیلی، بلکه سفریست به تاریکترین لایههای روان انسانی؛ جایی که عشق، نفرت، ویرانگری و میل به پیوند، همزمان و گاه در هم تنیدهاند. کلاین با زبانی بیپیرایه اما عمیق، نشان میدهد چگونه حسادت اولیه میتواند بنیان رابطه با «دیگری» را متزلزل کند، و چگونه شکرگزاری، به مثابه ظرفیت روان برای پذیرش خوبیِ دیگری، در شکلگیری سلامت روانی نقش دارد. خواندن این کتاب مواجههای بیواسطه با خودِ ناپخته و پیشکلامی انسان است؛ جایی که هنوز عشق و نفرت از هم تمییز نیافتهاند.
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January 16, 2025Quite a thought-provoking view on the origins of envy. Klein asserts that the first object of envy is the mother's breast as it possesses milk, an ultimate source of pleasure and life for the infant. This positions envy as a foundational emotion although we do not usually attribute this emotion to babies that much. Moreover, Klein portrays the capacity to be grateful as a precondition to love. Overall, the book is a very nice read for those interested in psychoanalytic conception of envy.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
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July 25, 2022read the titular essay as well as notes on some schizoid mechanisms
Want to Read
March 28, 2024pg 294
September 6, 2024
I used to find the language of today's article indirect. After reading Klein, I realized the value of current scientific language... She could have explained herself in 50 pages. Borrriiinngg 🥱🥱
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September 21, 2024is death instinct primordial since the moment when prenatal unity is broken and the infant is born into the world?
May 18, 2025
Read:
- Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanisms
- Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanisms
March 18, 2025
Klein goes deep into psychoanalysis. She is an astute observer of the human condition. Her Object Relations Theory offers important insight into human development. She goes deep and writes well.
December 30, 2007
Très éclairant. Il y a bien sûr des idées contestables, mais c'est tellement logique, clair, intelligent, qu'on ne se préoccupe que des nombreux éclairs de génie. Je m'y suis retrouvée, j'y ai retrouvé ma mère, mes amies, etc. Les idées contestables, bah, comme chez Freud on les considère facilement comme les petites failles qui font que l'auteur nous semble humain (au bon sens du terme).
to-keep-reference
October 18, 2016Melanie Klein ya había dicho que de todos los objetos que el niño sitúa en la madre, hay uno especial, privilegiado: el pene del padre. Con su teoría del falo, Lacan dio una nueva formulación a esta idea.
Lacan para principiantes Pág.93
Lacan para principiantes Pág.93
October 12, 2012
This explained it all to me....everything that didn't make sense does, now.
February 17, 2014
Melanie Klein is great. One hopes that her work will be presented in a proper, scholarly edition at some point. This edition … is not scholarly. Still, lots of great texts.
June 25, 2016
This book gives excellent re-clarification of Kleinian theory, including a vivid description of how projective identification works.
Displaying 1 - 19 of 19 reviews