I have always been an animal lover. My earliest reading memories involve blue whales because on a trip to Chicago’s Field Museum Of Natural History, I was mesmerized by the skeletons and the next day my mother took me to our local library where over the next few months I proceeded to check out every book on whales and dolphins I could find. This was at the ripe age of three. Over time this appreciation of animals has included supporting the World Wildlife Fund, visiting zoos, dreaming about being a marine biologist, and currently being a cat mother. When a Goodreads friend recently read one of Jane Goodall’s memoirs, I knew that Goodall would be a worthy of my Women’s History Month lineup. I had previously read Dian Fossey’s Gorillas in the Mist way back in high school but never Goodall, so the time was ripe to discover her life with chimpanzees.
In 1960, Jane Goodall first came to Gombe to study chimpanzees at the request of famed ethologist Louis Leakey. Later she received a PhD in sociology from Cambridge University. Goodall’s goal was to build on Leakey’s research that chimpanzees, as well as other animals, have actual feelings and should be referred to as he and she rather than it. Both Leakey and Goodall especially early in their careers had their opinions discredited by the scientific community who believed that only man had the capacity for higher thinking. Goodall maintains that chimpanzees and humans differentiate their DNA by a mere one percent. While this is still a large enough percentage to see how the two species differ, Goodall has seen over the course of her career how chimpanzees do possess inherent feelings and higher thinking skills.
Goodall’s first encounter with chimpanzees occurred when she gave alpha male David Graybeard a banana. This had been Graybeard’s first encounter with humans yet he took the banana and over time he built up trust with Goodall. As such, he was the first chimpanzee that she learned to love. Over the course of thirty years, Goodall and her team of researchers follow the chimpanzees of the Gombe preserve. They chart the relationships of different families and see how a mother’s relationship with her children early on factor into how they became as adults. A nurturing mother as Flo leads to social climbers Figan and Fifi whereas a mother with little room for compassion as Passion gave way to socially passive Pom and Prof. Figan became the community’s alpha male and Fifi enjoyed a strong relationship with him into adulthood and became a mother of five social climbers herself. Passion and Pom, on the other hand, had little capacity for love going as far to kill other women’s babies until she became pregnant herself. Goodall learned to detest Passion’s family as any human would learn to loath the community bully.
The similarities to human society are striking. The climb of males to the alpha position can be equated with a man’s climb to king of the hill in any social setting. Here we note male chimpanzees’ social and sexual exploits and how alliances come into play during their rise to the top. There are also those chimps who are socially inept such as Jomeo who lacked skills with women and to Goodall’s knowledge never aired a child. Yet, he could be thought of as the community’s court jester as Jomeo continually gave new experiences that made the researchers shake their heads. There was also Gigi, a sterile female, who was a tomboy and assisted the males on their patrolling. Over time, however, Gigi possessed a strong maternal instinct and became a surrogate aunt or foster mother to many infants over the years. As such, Gigi became a favorite of both Goodall’s and myself as I enjoyed hearing about her escapades.
Research in the wild is not without risk. In 1974 four students were kidnapped forcing a temporary shutdown of Goodall’s research facility. During this time, two rival groups of chimpanzees fought for superiority and Passion went on her rampage. Yet, Goodall maintains that the Gombe and other wildlife preserves are the safest places for chimpanzees in the world. She founded the Jane Goodall Institute to continue her research as well as fight for rights for chimpanzees and other animal species to have their safe space on this earth. Thousands of chimpanzees are trafficked, used for drug or cosmetic testing, taken as pets and exploited, and forced to live in cages. A natural setting with a mother’s love is still the best place for any creature. Yet, if more people like Goodall do not take up the reigns in the 21st century, sadly, the only place to see our distant relatives will be in zoos.
Jane Goodall broke the glass ceiling of scientific research during an era when all branches of science research were male dominated. Her work as an advocate for animal rights and preservation remain timeless. While chimpanzees may not possess all of the higher thinking skills of humans, we as humans could learn much from our distant relatives. With our higher thinking skills, we have the ability to preserve the planet for animal species and should do so out of love. Jane Goodall remains a leader in animal sociology and her account of chimpanzees in the wild is a worthy read if we are to preserve the planet for generations to come.
4+ stars