Jump to ratings and reviews
Rate this book

Zelda Fitzgerald: The Tragic, Meticulously Researched Biography of the Jazz Age's High Priestess

Rate this book
The definitive biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald's wife, who became "the first American flapper." Zelda Fitzgerald was the mythical American Dream Girl of the Roaring Twenties who became, in the words of her husband, F. Scott Fitzgerald, “the first American flapper.” Their romance transformed a symbol of glamour and spectacle of the Jazz Age. When Zelda cracked up, not long after the stock market crash of 1929, Scott remained loyal to her through a nightmare of later breakdowns and final madness. Sally Cline brings us a trenchantly authentic voice through Zelda’s own highly autobiographical writings and hundreds of letters she wrote to friends and family, publishers and others. New medical evidence and interviews with Zelda’s last psychiatrist suggest that her “insanity” may have been less a specific clinical condition than the product of the treatment she endured for schizophrenia and her husband’s devastating alcoholism. In narrating Zelda’s tumultuous life, Cline vividly evokes the circle of Jazz Age friends that included Edmund Wilson, Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, Dorothy Parker, Lillian Hellman, and H. L. Mencken. Her exhaustive research and incisive analysis animate a profoundly
moving portrait of Zelda and provide a convincing context to the legacy of her tragedy.

715 pages, Kindle Edition

First published April 9, 2003

136 people are currently reading
1594 people want to read

About the author

Sally Cline

28 books9 followers

Ratings & Reviews

What do you think?
Rate this book

Friends & Following

Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!

Community Reviews

5 stars
241 (34%)
4 stars
258 (36%)
3 stars
162 (22%)
2 stars
36 (5%)
1 star
9 (1%)
Displaying 1 - 30 of 74 reviews
Profile Image for Kim.
426 reviews541 followers
September 3, 2013
My experience of reading F Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender Is the Night, my ongoing fascination with Lost Generation writers and my experience of reading Therese Anne Fowler’s Z: A Novel of Zelda Fitzgerald led me to this biography. Although I knew relatively little about Zelda Fitzgerald, prior to reading Fowler’s novel I wasn’t convinced by her portrayal in that work. The Zelda in Fowler’s novel was altogether too dreary, sedate and contemporary for a woman whose exploits made her an icon of the Jazz Age.

Cline’s biography has given me a much better insight into the life and times of Zelda Fitzgerald. It’s a very detailed and extensively researched work, covering Zelda’s family background, her childhood and teenage years in Montgomery Alabama, her meeting with F Scott Fitzgerald and their romance and subsequent marriage, which occurred five days after the publication of Scott’s first novel, This Side of Paradise. The bulk of the work deals with the gradual and irrevocable decline of their marriage, destroyed by Scott’s alcoholism and Zelda’s mental illness.

One of the saddest aspects of Zelda’s life was the almost certain misdiagnosis of her psychiatric condition as schizophrenia and the cruel side effects of the treatment to which she was subjected. Another was the characterisation of her creative impulses as evidence that she was an unnatural wife and mother who wanted to compete with her husband. Yet another was the manner in which her husband appropriated her work for his own uses. Cline discusses these and other aspects of Zelda’s life with insight and sensitivity.

According to the introduction, Cline had access to resources denied to previous biographers, including Zelda’s full medical records. She made excellent use of that material. The work is extensively footnoted and includes a lengthy bibliography. The medical information available to Cline includes the transcript of an interview between Zelda and Scott and her psychiatrist during which the pair trade recriminations and Zelda ultimately gives in to Scott’s demands. This is particularly poignant to read, as are the extracts from the couple’s letters.

Cline’s style is easy to read and engaging. She occasionally indulges in speculation of the “Zelda must have thought” variety, but not so often that the work loses credibility. And while Cline is firmly on the side of her subject, she’s not unfair to Scott Fitzgerald who, despite his frequently brutal treatment of Zelda, continued to support her financially and cared for her to the extent of his ability to do so.

Scott’s alcoholism and insecurity and Zelda’s mental illness and refusal to conform made their relationship toxic. Together they formed the ultimate tabloid celebrity couple – the rock stars of their day. But like many rock stars, they flew too close to the sun and it consumed them. Zelda’s story is extremely sad and Cline tells it very well.
73 reviews1 follower
February 1, 2009
If you are a fan of F. Scott Fitzgerald, you should not read this book. For many years I have heard people say that Zelda was a creative soul and great talent on her own but that her mental illness destroyed her ability to become an artist in her own right. However, it was not just her mental illness that held her back, it was also her husband who saw her as a rival and as his own intellectual property.

According to Cline, Fitzgerald published his wife's stories unde rhis name without ant credit to her for her work. When he felt generous, he oublished her stories under both their names. He also used her ideas, her letters, her experiences and her direct quotes in his wriitng without crediting her in any way. In fact, Fitzgerald becomes less productive as Zelda becomes less sane and less able to provide this service to him.

In addition, to using her as a muse and an inspiration, Fitzgerald actively sabotaged her attempts to use her life and her experiences in her own writing. A novel based on her life was a direct threat to his writing project because that's what he was writing about and he couldn't allow her to compete openly with him.

This is not to say that Zelda was not seriously ill. She was obssessive and compulsive and manic in everything she did. Even her years as a flapper were an example of this. The reason she partied all the time was because whenever she had an interest, she fixated on it. When she painted, she painted 17 hours a day. When she danced, she danced 17 hours a day and when she partied, she partied 17 hours a day.

Cline is critical of her psychiatrist's attenpts to re-educate her. From their point of view, part of Zelda's illness was that she was not able to fulfill her role as a wife and mother as those roles were defined in the 1930's. This lead to her doctors colluding wiht her husband to suppress her creative ambiitons. However, even today, while we see gender slightly differently, one of the ways that we define mental illness is the inability of people to live according to the rules and customs of our culture. I am not implying that mental illness is completely a cultural construct but I am saying that we still treat mental illness by teaching people how to fit into our society.

It's possible that Zelda could have been a great artist (writer or painter or critic)if she had lived 40 or 50 years later than she did but she still would have struggled through her illness to be the person she wanted to be. Her husband's control her of creative outlet was only part of her problem. However, it's clear that Scott held her back and suppressed when he felt that her talents or her products competed with his interests. We will never know what Zelda could have been because the combination of her mental illness and the social mores of her times did not allow her to be Zelda in her own right.
Profile Image for Carol Storm.
Author 28 books236 followers
November 3, 2015
Things I loved about this book:

The glamour and excitement of the Twenties.

Reliving the legendary romantic courtship that inspired THE GREAT GATSBY, my all-time favorite novel.

Watching Scott and Zelda break all the rules as the most celebrated couple in America.

Learning all about Zelda's Southern roots and the many, many, insane relatives in her family tree.


Things I hated about this book:

The author trying to turn spoiled, selfish, party-girl Zelda into some kind of feminist Joan of Arc.

The author trying to turn poor, weak-willed, drunken F. Scott Fitzgerald into the ultimate male tyrant, somewhere between Henry VIII and Ike Turner.

The author trying to turn poor Zelda's tragic mental illness into some vague indictment of "the system."

The author taking endless cheap shots at Hemingway and Fitzgerald for getting drunk and saying mean things about women and "fairies."

The same insufferably self-righteous author saying absolutely nothing about Hemingway and Fitzgerald's well-documented hatred for Jews and Negroes, presumably because she would then have to address Zelda's feelings on the same touchy subject.

The author repeating everything Zelda's Alabama relatives ever said to her like it was gospel truth, when they obviously have reasons of their own for A.) Downplaying Zelda's insanity B.) Downplaying the ugliness of Jim Crow and lynch law in the Alabama of Zelda's childhood C.) Downplaying the obvious evidence that the rage and horror in Zelda's weird paintings and surrealistic writings has less to do with husband Scott's marital abuse than the ghastly memories of her unspeakable childhood traumas -- which are hinted at but never really discussed.

No matter how crazy or silly she got, Zelda Fitzgerald was never stuffy, never full of herself, and never pretended to be a saint. But Sally Cline, with no sense of humor and no sense of irony, does everything she can to turn the authentic, vibrant woman into a fake symbol of lily-white feminist martyrdom.

Profile Image for Marisa.
6 reviews24 followers
September 2, 2013
I just finished Sally Cline's "Zelda Fitzgerald: Her Voice in Paradise." I would ignore all of the reviews that said this read like a text book or report on the life of Zelda. If you are used to reading biographies, it reads like a biography.

I thoroughly enjoyed this book because it was well researched and even handed. I think that she portrayed F.Scott in a way that his biographers never write about Zelda. They were both two troubled people who were toxic to one another. They both died well before their time, but it seems in death that Zelda has suffered more than he has.

If you like F.Scott, you will not like Cline's portrayal of him. He is a petty, alcoholic, abusive, plagiarist and it really makes you reconsider his entire oeuvre. As a lit student I found it interesting the comparisons that Cline made between letters written to Scott from Zelda and passages from his works. The great line that Daisy (The Great Gatsby) says:

"I hope she'll be a fool--that's the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool... You see, I think everything's terrible anyhow... And I know. I've been everywhere and seen everything and done everything."

This is something Zelda said upon the birth of their own daughter Scottie. It wasn't just her speech that he stole. He stole her diaries, published works she wrote under his name, and used her psychic pain for his stories -- while oppressing her talents and creativity because he was afraid she would surpass him in literary fame.

Cline's book will also makes you hate Ernest Hemmingway because for a brief period F.Scott and Hemmingway were drinking buddies. Hemmingway quickly tired of both the Fitzgerald's antics, but he was openly cruel to Zelda. It also doesn't paint the nicest picture of Gertrude Stein.

Regardless, it is an excellently researched biography that tells an often neglected story and demystifies Zelda.
Profile Image for Sondra.
14 reviews6 followers
February 3, 2015
Having read Nancy Milford's trailblazing biography, 'Zelda' and several on F. Scott, I was pleased to find Cline's book. It could not have been more finely researched, yet was imminently readable for the layman. The most important thing I found however, is that the book approaches Zelda as what she aspired to be : an artist, a dancer and a writer. I was shocked to find - and Cline has proof - that Zelda was such an accomplished author that many of her stories were published nearly verbatim under Scott's name or with him listed as co-writer. That his representatives, Max Perkins and Harold Ober, were complicit in this was explained away as financial decisions, in that Scott's name was worth so much more than her's. As a writer myself, even accouting for the prevailing societal norm of women as mothers and housewives, I could imagine that this treatment would be just as psychologically challenging for me as it ultimately was for Zelda. It's fairly well known that Scott lifted many passages from Zelda's diaries and letters. But for an eye opening look into what extent her work was discounted while being stolen, this book gives a newly-squared account of just how this marriage, and Zelda's mental health, disintegrated.
Profile Image for Feisty Harriet.
1,276 reviews39 followers
March 21, 2016
Not an easy book to read, the legendary Zelda Fitzgerald--American flapper, high priestess of the Jazz Age, blonde Southern bombshell in Paris--is only a very small part of her very sad life. Most of her adult life she spent alone, controlled by doctors and her husband, receiving truly horrific treatments that would put her into a coma for weeks at a time. She died in a psychiatric hospital when it caught on fire and she was chained into her room on the top floor. In writing this biography Cline had access to a lot of records that were previously sealed, these documents seem to provide a new and terribly tragic view of Zelda Fitzgerald, and a not very flattering one of Scott. She was a talented writer, painter, and dancer in her own right, but was unable to assert herself publicly or privately, partly due to a Southern upbringing, partly due to the society of the time, and a lot to do with Scott on purpose silencing her, censoring her, and when she still tried to write about her own experiences, he literally shut her up in mental hospitals, ordered the doctors to drug her senseless, and then demanded that any of their shared experiences--in life, marriage, parenthood, or with her mental illnesses, were HIS property, alone, to use in literary works. He often directly quoted her letters and dialogue in his stories, he published her work under his name and used the proceeds to pay off his debts, he was an unstable alcoholic and a terrible father and husband...and Zelda received the brunt of his behavior her entire adult life.

This whole book read, to me, like an independent girl desperately trying to just EXIST outside of the shadow of her more famous husband, only he refused not only to share the spotlight, but to allow her anything outside of the role he preferred she play (devoted muse to his artistry). His actions surrounding her being confined to asylums was particularly nasty, the "treatments" she received most likely caused the bulk of her psychosis and certainly significantly contributed to her instability. Poor, poor Zelda. I loathe Scott's behavior and treatment of her as some kind of controllable, performing pet instead of a full-fledged human with her own ideas, needs, and aspirations. I resent the society that legally allowed him such power and the medical system he didn't even have to manipulate in order to knowingly destroy his wife, while his alcoholism, abuse, and unchecked egotism remained perfectly "normal" because, you know, he was a man. Ugh.
Profile Image for Kris Reiber.
44 reviews1 follower
Read
July 28, 2011
The cover of the book says "Succeeds in breathing new life into this jazz-age icon...." It does not. This book is chock full of facts and the interesting ones are found mixed in with an annual list of how much money Scott made and how much they paid in rent. This book reads like a textbook. You learn everything there is to learn about the couple but there is no life in this book.



Reading this qualified me to write a book report that my middle school teacher would love.



Zelda's life was very interesting and that is the only reason I trudged all the way through this book. I found nothing of Zelda Sayre Fitzgeralds voice in the book - quotes from her friends and observations from the author but not her. I felt no closeness to the subject.

Profile Image for Smith.
121 reviews2 followers
May 5, 2019
Most Fitzgerald biographies (of either party) usually take sides in the seemingly eternal War of the Roses that was their spectacular, doomed marriage. This writer pledged to remain neutral, and for the most part, I think she succeeded. I even learned a few things I didn't previously know, which is saying something.
Profile Image for Nicole C..
1,276 reviews40 followers
January 5, 2008
Very detailed and fairly recent autobiography of Zelda Fitzgerald, detailing her life and supposed madness. She was diagnosed as schizophrenic, but I think that she was just very ahead of her time and said some things that were just unusual and not crazy. If she was in any way "crazy," at most, Scott made her neurotic with his drinking and philandering.
Profile Image for Brynn.
301 reviews
April 1, 2013
Well researched but terribly written. Very hard to get through.
Profile Image for Lilli.
113 reviews6 followers
Read
September 7, 2022
everyone cheer and clap for me i finally finished the fucking term paper
Profile Image for Pat.
1,317 reviews16 followers
February 28, 2013
Took me forever to read this book as I picked it up, read a chapter, put it down for another lighter "read", but so happy I stuck with it. The problem I had with it was her tortured marriage to the narcissistic Scott how would never recognize her talents or allow her to accept the recognition she deserved. Everything she wrote had to have his name listed as the author or with both of their names listed! GRRR! She was so talented as a painter, writer, dancer, etc and Sally Cline did a beautiful job of documenting her talents. Sad, sad, sad but interesting! She was tough having survived all of the shock treatments and insulin treatments as well as experimental drugs while confined to mental hospitals. With friends like Zelda had, she was needed no enemies!!! Well written and very well documents with 1/4 of the book devoted to her notes.
Profile Image for Lisa Van Oosterum.
106 reviews2 followers
December 11, 2011
Utterly devastating. The life of Zelda Fitzgerald is wonderfully fascinating and makes for a great read. The author has created a through line of illustrating the injustices done to Zelda who was a true artist who did not fit in to the typical housewife mold and was basically locked up because of it. It is very well researched and at times the authors tone can be a bit too over the top with her grievance with Zelda's husband Scott. Reading about how she was hospitalized and misdiagnosed with schizophrenia was difficult, especially her tragic death.
Profile Image for Hope R.
155 reviews
August 14, 2014
I found this book tedious and frustrating. I wanted to know more about Zelda Fitzgerald, who the author clearly found fascinating. Unfortunately Sally Cline hid Zelda in the details. There were so many redundant references to both Fitzgeralds' writings, and theories given endless source citations, the book seemed more like a scholarly thesis than a biography. I did appreciate that the book was well researched (thus two stars rather than one). The book would have benefitted from a better appendix for all the extra source material and editing for content.
Profile Image for Michelle.
54 reviews
May 12, 2013
Having read and loved Therese Anne Fowler's novel Z, I found myself wanting to learn more about Zelda. While I didn't love this author's style of writing, the material was fascinating. These poor, tragic characters had it all...and summarily lost it all. I have to say that Scott was horrible to Zelda, although he supported and loved her until the end. Such a strange, tortured relationship.
385 reviews2 followers
June 5, 2013
If you are looking for a juicy read into Zelda Fitzgerald's life this is not it. That being said, I did learn a lot about her and her tragic life. It was truly tragic. However, this biography of her reads like a research paper and by the time you are through with all of the footnotes and tedious detail, you simply no longer care about her--and this is a shame.
2,434 reviews55 followers
December 22, 2014
Overly wordy and poorly researched biography of Zelda Fitzgerald. A glaring mistake was when Cline wrote that famous poet Sylvia Plath suffered mental anguish during Zelda Fitzgerald's lifetime. Hello..... Fitzgerald died in the 1940's when Plath was a child! Try Nancy Mitford's far superior Zelda instead!
94 reviews8 followers
July 12, 2013
I enjoyed this book very much. It definitely told Zelda's side. She was a talented artist,and dedicated her life to the ballet. She also could write. She helped and inspired her husband to write his stories. Sad that she spent so much time in institutions. Tragic ending.
4 reviews1 follower
July 26, 2015
This book is okay. She presents a few rumors about Zelda as fact (the abortions, etc). It makes me not trust the author when they do that, of course. I like Zelda: a biography, by Nancy Mitford much better. It's more well written.
Profile Image for Angela.
4 reviews1 follower
March 3, 2008
Probably my second favorite Zelda bio.
Profile Image for christy.
43 reviews5 followers
March 8, 2008
i love love love love zelda. she was so nutty nut and not at all the uninhibited flapper girl i had always thought. she got obsessions in her head and took them over the edge - total OCD girl.
Profile Image for Carolyn Hill.
502 reviews86 followers
February 10, 2010
Such a fascinating and tragic story. Really changes my views of Scott. I appreciate how the author made Zelda's southern-ness (sp?) central to understanding her character.
Profile Image for Melissa Maley.
260 reviews9 followers
June 30, 2015
I loved reading about Zelda's life. I read the kindle version and it was filled with typos, poor punctuation, and misspelled words. I gave the book only two stars for that reason only.
Profile Image for Cliff.
18 reviews
December 10, 2020
Having read Sally Cline's "Zelda Fitzgerald, Her Voice in Paradise " it is without a doubt one of the best biographies I've ever read.
Extensively researched from sources perhaps not available to other Zelda biographers. It is of such caliber I rate it with Michael Holroyd's "Lytton Strachey". Along with A. Scott Berg's "Max Perkinns Editor of Genius" Two of my all time favourites.
My meagre grasp on the English language could never do justice reviewing this literary masterpiece . I found myself reading the last ten pages or so, twice over. Not wanting it to end.
Zelda was sadly doomed no matter what her lifestyle. A family history of mental disorder including her father, eventually found its way to her. Her periodic institutionalisation, often forced upon her did her no favours. The barbaric treatments of the day, from electric shock treatment to forced drug injections led to a rapid deterioration of her mind and spirit.
As with many of their era Scott and Zelda were both prolific letter writers and journal keepers. She was well accomplished in the field of writing, dance and art. Sadly never encouraged in any. Scott was not against a large amount of plagiarism of her material to use in his publications, but never gave any credit for the material he used. She was convinced by those around her it would have to be published in Scott's name to ensure its sales success. Him being the known author.
At the end of Zelda's story, there are about one hundred more pages relating to material sources notes, bibliography and index. Showing Cline's dedication to research and fact finding.
Do yourself a favour, obtain a copy and be captivated as was I . I could loan you my copy. On second thought, no I couldn't..:)
Profile Image for Donna.
923 reviews10 followers
January 14, 2019
An interesting biography of an iconic figure from the roaring 20's. It cannot help but be a twin biography of both Zelda and F. Scott, but in this book, Zelda is the heroine, and F. Scott comes off in a mostly poor light. It has a lot of interesting details about the 1920s and 30s, including the small subset of people who had the means to spend gobs of money partying and traveling abroad, treatments and thoughts about mental illness in the 30s and the prevailing views on men's and women's roles in marriage during the time. It was fascinating to learn about both of their publishing careers and how much F. Scott used the talents of his wife to further his own career, the professional career in the family. The friendship of F. Scott and Hemingway was also interesting reading.

Every author has a bias that creeps into the narrative, and I found Sally Cline's to be her opinion that Zelda's artistic abilities were squelched by a jealous F. Scott, and that his drinking was the major cause of her mental breakdown. It felt like a bit of the 21st century's judgement on a different time period. Here were two wild people who seemed to revel in shocking everyone around them, including friends. They both suffered from different mental health issues, one alcoholism and the other, mental breakdowns that were probably something other than schizophrenia. Their stories are intertwined and their love is romantic. Because of this book, I wanted to know more about Zelda's paintings and so looked up another book on her art in order to see what it was like.
Profile Image for Mike.
577 reviews
December 17, 2025
Biographies! You Never Know.

I rarely believe a biography completely because it is difficult to determine if the biographer has bias toward his subject or some kind of agenda. I have several reservations about this one. In chapter 16 the author uses a fabricated story from Lillian Hellman that Emily Vanderbilt was murdered. Lillian Hellman was challenged multiple times about the validity of statements she made about people. Why would a biographer cite a statement known to be false and then make excuses for the person who authored the statement? The author spends an inordinate number of pages talking about lesbianism, homosexuality, and other sexual perversion. Does she have an agenda? I appreciate that the author must have spent countless hours reading and making copious notes. That she did so is evident from all the notes cited in the book. I have a new outlook on F. Scott Fitzgerald as a result of reading his letters cited in the book. When I was young and introduced to "The Great Gatsby" in college, the teacher spent little time describing the author. Now as an old man I realize Fitzgerald was a drunkard and adulterer who plagiarized his wife and was disrespectful, abusive, and controlling toward her. No wonder she had the mental problems describe in this book.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 74 reviews

Can't find what you're looking for?

Get help and learn more about the design.