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罗马帝国衰亡史(D.M. 洛节编本)(上卷) (汉译世界学术名著丛书)
爱德华·吉本
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被吉本所贬抑的古代基督教,可参看古罗马教父奥古斯丁合自传和对天主的歌颂为一体的《忏悔录》等。至于对法国启蒙运动的承接,启蒙思想先驱孟德斯鸠写过一本《罗马盛衰原因论》,博览群书的吉本是肯定读过的。不过两人的看法和侧重点不一样,孟德斯鸠认为罗马之盛是因为共和制度和开明法律等,衰则是君主独裁等造成;他以古讽今,将历史写成政论,通过此书第一次概述了自己的社会理论,来反对当时的专制暴政。沿着此类思路,启蒙运动影响所及,第一个伟大成果是法国大革命。在这一事件上,到底是由英国式自由文明浸淫出来的吉本,与法国思想家们分道扬镳了。对此,很多人感到可惜和不解,如《吉本自传》的中译者戴子钦说,吉本在评价历史时首先强调独立和自由,但在现实中却保守、落后、反动,最突出就是对法国大革命强烈反感,反对民主。鲲西《罗马古寺旁的沉思》也说,从吉本“对柏克《法国革命感想录》热烈的称许已可看出他对法国革命所怀的恐惧了。很难想像一个对千年以前罗马帝国兴亡的命运如此热烈关切的人,会对发生在自己时代的事缺乏历史的清醒认识。”指这是吉本的“狭隘或局限”。今天我们已能从不同角度重新看待法国大革命和柏克等,对吉本是否明于史而昧于时,也
664 pages, Kindle Edition
First published February 1, 1997
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爱德华·吉本
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