In 1837, David Henry Thoreau was twenty years old. (He would soon begin to call himself Henry David but he never changed his name legally or officially, and throughout his life many people in Concord continued to call him “David Henry,” Thoreau stubbornly correcting them.) His journal started out as a notebook among others, for quotations, mini-essays, and poetry. He often tore out pages to use as drafts for his books, lectures, and essays, and for other reasons. This Journal is not literally what Thoreau wrote each day: he often wrote up entries days later, from notes, and as the footnotes show, he would also go back much later and make further additions and connections. Instead, the Journal is a record of what he and Nature did on a given day, and how those doings affected each other. Thoreau made lasting discoveries about the interactions of different systems: how the seasons affect water levels, how animals propagate seeds, how one growth of forest trees succeeds the previous one, how the lake affects the shore or the river the riverbanks, and, most importantly, how the life he led shaped Henry David Thoreau and vice versa. Thoreau never married, is not known to have had any lovers, and was naturally prickly, defensive, and off-putting. As he himself wrote, the society of young women was the most unprofitable he had ever tried. "They are so light and flighty that you can never be sure whether they are there or not there.” At the same time, however, Thoreau wrote with surprising perceptiveness and empathy about others – poor Irish laborers, escaped slaves he helped send north to Canada, fellow villagers – and his writing speaks to readers with remarkable intimacy.
Here we find the private musings of the odd, solitary man of Concord. “Hornets, hyenas, and baboons are not so great a curse to a country as men of a similar character,” decided he one early-autumn day. But he also knew he had narrowed his life to the town of Concord. He knew the paths and byways and shortcuts and railroad rights-of-way and the rivers along which he rowed and skated and swam. He knew the line dividing his private goals from “the mean and narrow-minded men” he scorned. He was arrogant, supercilious, and observant, but often doubted himself. One day, “To owl’s nest. The young owls are gone.” The other some thoughts about frivolity, society, and personal shallowness. On the last day of one September, a musing about the color of leaves: “The white ash has got its autumnal mulberry hue.” Yet then something more. “It is with leaves as with fruits and woods, and animals and men; when they are mature their different characters appear.”
Winter prompted him to think about journalizing. He moved about the house and wrote then his Journal is that part of him which would otherwise spill and run to waste. He also talked a lot about the weather — that which shaped the Concord world, the affairs of farmers and vagrants, the turn of seasons, the color of everything.
Faces troubled him. “In the evening went to a party. It is a bad place to go to, —thirty or forty persons, mostly young women, in a small room, warm and noisy.” He barely looked people in the faces, he concluded, and then moved on to a much more pleasant encounter with an old farmer in the woods, farmer and journal writer eating crackers and cheese together. From parties and public encounters and most other “machinery of modern society,” from what the Journal records as autumn melancholy, Thoreau fled to the woods, to solitude. “Objects are concealed from our view not so much because they are out of the course of our visual ray as because there is no intention of the mind and eye toward them.” So his Journal became a prism through which he looked at the phenomena of Nature that are concealed from us because we do not know "...how far and widely, or how near and narrowly, we are to look."
He made two kinds of reports in his Journal — the incidents and observations of to-day and the reviewed, more poetic details added later. After decades of keeping the Journal, still musing on what he experienced, what he recorded, and what the record became, he wrote, “The men and things of to-day are wont to lie fairer and truer in tomorrow’s memory.” According to him, he often gave the truest and most interesting account of an adventure after years had passed, for then only the most important facts survived in his memory.
This Journal is not the memory of Thoreau; it is his memory treasury, his most private thoughts, and his record of making and writing the Journal.
The purpose of Thoreau’s Journal was not simply to gather as many details and facts as possible but to provide his connecting, analogizing intelligence with more to connect — more to, as he said, “turn into poetry.” “I now begin to pluck wild apples,” reads one September entry. This was his harvest. The Journal is also an important source of biographical information and an example of unbelievably beautiful nature writing. “The colors are now: light blue above . . . landscape russet and greenish, spotted with fawn-colored plowed lands, with green pine and gray or reddish oak woods intermixed, and dark-blue or slate-color water here and there.”
The Journal was the source of all Thoreau's works and the defining undertaking of his adult life. Read this one for sure. You won't look at the trees and the bushes, at the skies and the soil with the same eyes ever again. You will be spellbound.