Re-read July 2019, with some additional comments:
The unconsciously, naively hearty and jingoistic narratives of the five explorers represented in Beryl Bainbridge’s The Birthday Boys reminded me of this Mills novel. When I re-read, I saw immediately how the same flat, dead-pan complacent faith in Empire, industry, and fair play had been employed in both books to reveal internal, deconstructive flaws in the very fabric of the protagonists’ implicit cocksure attitudes.
Of course, Mills goes one further than Bainbridge, using the turn-of-the-century Empire arrogance about its degree of civilization to point up its racist failings. This book was no less fascinating on a second reading than it had been on the first, and I was able to focus on the dialogue between the different party members of each of the English and Norwegian groups, noting the wry inanities and pettiness. The image Mills conjures of the four members of Johns’ crew jogging with their “mule” in a litter to the Agreed Furthest Point, a desolated expanse, is at turns hilarious and frightening.
Original April 2014 review
This short novel has the power of parable, much like Kafka’s best stories, a la “The Hunger Artist”. And in this case, it’s disturbing and memorable, with just enough details to cause a certain amount of long-lasting queasiness, a la Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery” or Kafka’s “Penal Colony.” I expect that even with time’s ability to erode the sharper edges of my already dull memory, the essential aspect of Explorers of the New Century—a hearty bravado masking an unconscious, supercilious racism—will remain with me. Two other discrete images still stand out: the image of the five revelers (one explorer and four mule women) aboard the Perseverance when come upon by the other, surviving party; and the moment when the leader of the surviving party declares that the AFP (Agreed Furthest Point) is not fit for the mules, and he ascertains that half of his consignment of mules is less fit, summarily shoots them and disposes of the bodies with a “number of other unwanted items” in preparation for his party’s long march back to their ship.
As with other Mills novels (Restraint of Beasts, Three to See the King, All Quiet on the Orient Express), there is a schematic quality to the setting, characters, and plot. These things are kept simple, but there is enough distinction in the character of the two parties involved in the quest, and there is enough detail to give many of the characters their own personalities. What distinguishes most as they travel, however, is the pettiness of their concerns, but this is a seemingly natural consequence of their barren and stark surroundings, where there is a routine of simple tasks alloyed to continual exertion and privation. Where the magic of Mills schematic writing works best is in the portrayal of the general mood, tone, and purpose of the parties’ endeavors to fulfill their quests to reach the AFP. There is in the dialogue and the characterization of the individuals a forthright, purposeful strutting in their behavior and a bravado of assured purpose in their words. This evocation of the purposeful 19th century Victorian Englishman is uncanny, as Mills is able to conjure it with so few ingredients. There are many cheery assertive declarations, numerous expressions of bluff heartiness and fair play, and several allusive and direct comments about the scientific probity that guides them. These are all members of an intellectual and social elite, the cream of the crop of society and civilization as embodied in England immediately before WWI.
The mission of these two parties, to reach the AFP to determine how practical it will be to remove all mules to this part of the world is an unquestioned good, and where quibbles might exist, it’s in details not substance. The mules must be removed, as has been asserted and agreed upon by all sane individuals. This assurance is a tacit immanence that pervades everything; it is again a marvel of economy and evocation that Mills makes palpable so much with so few deft lines. The coup de grace, as in “The Lottery”, is perceiving just what this chronicle of quotidian details and evocation of grand purpose are masking. It’s the gradual recognition that the mules are people, apparently of a different race, that are segregated and now being subjected to an experiment in repatriation. That these people are “mules” serves two purposes; it hides from them and the reader their true nature. The reader early on sees the subjectification of the mules: one “hapless creature” is killed in an accident when grounding the ship. When the party leader is made aware and stoically resolves to make do “with one less mule, that’s all”, he says reasonably to his men, “Could everyone please try to be a little more careful in future? I should hate to lose another.”
The mules continue to be described as if pack animals (they are fitted and tied down with gear each morning, and they are harnessed to one another as they march together, they are tethered at night in a group outside the explorers’ tents), and it’s only when they’ve stampeded into a river (with some of them dying) and they are being rounded up that as if stray animals that an explorer is addressed: “Come on then; catch me if you can.” The rest of the novel is further revelation and recollection of the meaning of the mules in the world of these explorers.
In short, smashing good stuff!