I very much enjoyed reading about this fascinating woman, and her equally fascinating life. When I heard somewhere that Hedy was the inventor of "frequency-hopping," the basis for all modern telecommunications, I knew I had to learn more about her.
She was born in Vienna to an upper middle-class Jewish family, and at a young age became the trophy wife of munitions magnate Fritz Mandl, who, although a Jew himself, was supplying arms to Hitler and Mussolini. The Axis powers declared him an "honorary Aryan," that is, until Germany invaded Austria, at which point he became a Jew again, and they appropriated his manufacturing facilities while he fled to South America.
But I digress... any discussion of Hedy Lamarr should lead off with her otherwordly beauty, since it absolutely defined her life. She was known in her youth in Vienna as "the most beautiful girl in the world," a title that she retained even after she came to the world capital of female pulchritude, Hollywood in 1937, as Louis B. Mayer's personal discovery, after a daring escape from her husband, who basically held her captive in the splendor of their castle.
Still considered by many to be the most beautiful woman ever captured on film, when Hedy appeared on a set, all activity would come to a standstill while cast and crew drank her in. Her first Hollywood movie was opposite Charles Boyer in Algiers, and during her debut scene, in which the camera approaches her from behind while she turns her head to reveal her face, movie audiences across America literally gasped!
During World War II, Hedy was a tireless supporter of the war effort and the troops, selling over $6 million in war bonds and never missing her Friday night shift at the Hollywood Canteen, serving coffee, dancing with the soldiers, and even washing dishes. It was her commitment to the Allied war effort that led her to approach her friend, musician George Antheil, with an idea to achieve more secure radio communications.
You see, during all those evenings on display at the dinner table, decked out in jewels, while her husband, Mussolini, and the architects of Fascist aggression discussed arms, Hedy was listening. Single-frequency radio communications were vulnerable to interception, and she thought that instead of coding the communications, the communications could be sent via a pattern of varying frequencies, and thus be secured.
Hedy and George worked feverishly on a workable technology that could bring the idea to fruition. Lest you think Hedy's role in the invention of frequency-hopping was as merely decorative as her role at the Axis armory dinner table, George Antheil spoke and wrote later about their collaboration, and always gave Hedy her full share of credit. George's contribution was the idea of a "piano roll" that carried the frequency pattern, with identical rolls at the origin and the destination to decode the pattern. They submitted the patent via a wartime program that solicited citizen inventions.
The wartime government hot-listed Hedy and George's patent, but in the end did not pursue the technology. George later speculated that had they not used the words "piano roll", it might have gone into testing and production. In any case, 25 years later, during a routine review of expired patents, the government saw great value in frequency-hopping, and now all military communications, as well as your cell phone calls, are transmitted via a pattern of varying frequencies, minus the piano roll!
Hedy was, for sure, a mixed bag of goods... her extreme litigiousness later in life was perplexing, at best. She'd file suit against just about anybody at the drop of a hat. She shamefully abandoned her adopted son after he entered his troublesome teens, by which point she had biological children of her own. And she could be a tempestuous and demanding wife, which, of course, didn't keep men from lining up to marry her.
She was also a very much an old-fashioned lady, always fastidiously groomed and dressed, and gracious to all. And unlike the hapless celebrities of today, she only dated men who were in love with her, usually married them, and did not cheat on them, nor they on her. Was this due to simpler times, her mesmerizing beauty, or a certain level of self-esteem? And she aged beautifully, in the Helen Mirren way, as opposed to Madonna or Demi Moore.
Hedy went through a rough patch in the 60's, where, as "une femme d'un certain age," the loss of the heartstopping youthful beauty that defined her sent her into a tailspin (it's worth noting that pictures from this time show a stunningly lovely older lady, of the kind you just never see any more.) She was arrested for shoplifting, unleashed a flurry of lawsuits, and dated a string of clowns who exploited her. This phase of her life was saddening to read about.
She settled into a comfortable and dignified old age out of the public eye, much loved by her children, even the son she abandoned, who forgave her in absentia, and to this day, still speaks fondly of her! She befriended a handful of good, ordinary people who genuinely cared about her, and were quite devoted to her until the end of her life, in 2000.