It took a recent Fresh Air broadcast to get me to search for this 1989 book. Jones died back in 2002, but Terry Gross re-broadcast her 1989 interview with him in November 2022, on the same day as her celebration of Charles Schulz's 100th birthday. Both Jones and Schulz were comic geniuses (of very different kinds) whose masterful work marked my childhood. Both were wise, insightful, and humble in their interviews. Schulz reminded me of my father, with his gentle, faith-filled style on the radio as on the comics page. Jones grabbed my attention during his interview with a brief, eye-opening description of the rules governing the cartoons that delighted me throughout my youth. I found them in a few golden pages in his illustrated memoir Chuck Amuck, along with hundreds of less interesting pages.
In the warning that opens his book, Jones accurately admits that it is "a fond catchall, a remembrance of events and people" (10) -- what one of my colleagues used to call "anecdotage." Along the way the gifted draftsman, director, and "cel washer" admits his role in shaping such Warner cartoon stars as Bugs and Daffy and Porky and Elmer Fudd, and in creating Marvin the Martian, Pepe Le Pew, Road Runner and Wile E. Coyote (302). Mainly he seems intent to recreate the mood of mayhem that marked his early days among the Mad Men of the cartoon business. In the midst of his unending flow of stories, sketches, and tributes to colleagues long gone, Jones offers what seem to me the Looney Tunes version of the Ten Commandments - the implicit rules governing the behavior of Bugs, Daffy and the Coyote.
Jones credits Tex Avery as the directorial genius from whom he learned the unspoken rules for "all humor and all character animation:"
"1. You must love what you caricature. . .
2. You must learn to respect that golden atom, that single frame of action, that 1/24 of a second. . .
3. You must respect the impulsive thought and try to implement it. . . you must depend on the flash of inspiration that you do not expect and do not already know.
4. You must remember always that only man, of all creatures, can blush, or needs to. . .
5. Remember always that character is all that matters in the making of great comedians, in animation, and in live action.
6. Keep always in your mind, your heart, and your hand that timing is the essence, the spine, and the electrical magic of humor - and of animation." (99-101)
Jones explains that his Bugs was not Avery's wild hare, since "I could not animate a character I could laugh at but could not understand." His Golden Rule for this rabbit? "Bugs must always be provoked. In every film, someone must have designs upon his person: gastronomic, as a trophy, as a good-luck piece, as an unwilling participant in a scientific experiment. Without such threats, Bugs is far too capable a rabbit to evoke the necessary sympathy" (211-2). And sympathy is the key.
If Bugs is Jones's most admirable, capable creation, Daffy is the one "with whom I most clearly associate and whose behavior I most clearly recognize and for whom I have the greatest affinity and understanding." Daffy wants to be the hero but knows he's a coward; he talks too much, tries to hard, knows what success looks like but cannot ever quite attain it. "Daffy gallantly and publicly represents all the character traits that the rest of us try to keep subdued. . . To achieve his ends, he cheerfully and always rationally chews up moral codes by the yard. . . . Daffy is just like all of us, only more so." (239-40)
By the time he gets to the famous pair Coyote-Road Runner he actually codifies the rules:
"1. The Road Runner cannot harm the coyote except by going 'Beep-beep!'
2. No outside force can harm the coyote - only his own ineptitude or the failure of the Acme products.
3. The coyote could stop anytime - if he were not a fanatic.
4. No dialogue ever, except 'Beep-beep!'
5. The road runner must stay on the road - otherwise, logically, he would not be called Road Runner.
6. All action must be confined to the natural environment of the two characters - the southwest American desert.
7. All materials, tools, weapons, or mechanical conveniences must be obtained from the Acme Corporation.
8. Whenever possible, make gravity the coyote's greatest enemy.
9. The coyote is always more humiliated than harmed by his failures." (225)
Any veteran cartoon viewer can at once recognize these principles as familiar. It is Jones's genius as a animator that created them and as a writer that spells them out for the rest of us. What a gift to have them captured on celluloid and paper.