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Les derniers écrits de Janusz Korczak, bouleversants.
Janusz Korczak, pédagogue de notoriété internationale et juif polonais, fonde en 1913 La Maison des orphelins, où il recueille des enfants. En 1939, lorsque l'Allemagne envahit la Pologne, il accompagne " ses " enfants dans le ghetto de Varsovie, refusant de fuir seul et de les abandonner. Pendant tout le temps de la guerre, il mène une lutte de chaque jour afin de trouver et mendier de la nourriture pour tous et leur dispenser de l'amour et de la joie. En 1942, lorsque les enfants sont embarqués pour les chambres à gaz de Treblinka, il les accompagne et meurt avec eux.
Durant les derniers mois de sa vie, Korczak profita de la nuit pour écrire Journal du ghetto, dans lequel il relate avec une plume acerbe et un humour cinglant le quotidien du ghetto. C'est un témoignage bouleversant d'amour et de dignité.
Le journal, confié à des amis avant sa déportation, est publié pour la première fois en 1956.
196 pages, Kindle Edition
First published May 1, 1978
It's a good thing that eminent authority Betty Jean Lifton wrote a short introduction on the life of Korczak. As another reviewer stated, without context, the full meaning of this important book would be hard to grasp. (English-speaking readers who want to know more about this seminal figure in children's education and civil rights should turn to Betty Jean Lifton's "Janusz Korczak: King of the Children.) Though this is not the most literary or detailed of the many Holocaust diaries, it is very important reading for many reasons. The author, Janusz Korczak (Henryk Goldszmit) was a Polish pediatrician who gave up a lucrative private practice to found an orphanage in the Jewish section of Warsaw, taking in the children nobody wanted. During most of his lifetime, Korczak expressed his faith in humanity by believing in children, provided they are properly nurtured. He expressed those views in his famous treatises "How to Love a Child" and the "Child's Right to Respect," as well as in his stories, most notably "King Matthew." Betty Jean Lifton's biography covers this great man's life and thought in detail; this book is highly recommended. The Ghetto Dairy is a stark contrast to everything else Korczak wrote, because he compiled it while confined to the hell that was the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II in Nazi-occupied Poland. Here he writes in a time of profound crisis, alone at night, after having spent the day caring for the orphans in his "new" orphanage (having been forced to abandon the one he built on Krochmalna Street) and begging for food for his hungry children. Nevertheless, he never abandons hope and faith. Most amazing is his last entry, in which despite everything, he maintains hope for mankind, even being able to recognize the humanity in a German soldier standing guard in the Warsaw Ghetto. It was just a matter of time that he and fellow teachers would be leading his 200 orphans in a silent procession to the Umschlagplatz, to board the cattle cars that would take them to their deaths at Treblinka, comforting "his" children to the very end. In short, this book presents a side of the life and thought of Janusz Korczak not found elsewhere.
Both this translation, by Jerzy Bachrach, and the rare one by E.P. Kulawiec, are excellent and, owing to both scholars' knowledge of Dr. Korczak, probably very accurate.