""As for women's issues, [he, the American diplomat claimed] the United States must respect the "Afghan religion and culture" toward women and therefore should not take any action in this regard.
Of course, I countered every one of his arguments and stated unequivocally that putting women under house arrest was not our 'culture'.""
--Dr. Sima Samar, from the book
A must-read, this is the memoir of Afghan doctor, surgeon, hospital founder and administrator, teacher, health textbook author, and tireless campaigner for women's rights and human rights, Dr. Sima Samar. Dr. Samar ran hospitals and clinics for women and children in Afghanistan, under both the muhajideen and the rule of the Taliban. I am in awe of this incredible juggernaut of a woman who has so many accomplishments and capacity for perseverance, despite setbacks.
The plight of women under the Taliban regime is difficult and disturbing. Taliban ideology is explicitly anti-modernity, and in practice, hampers women's rights. Girls are not allowed to go to school, to learn to read or write or to have dreams of becoming independent doctors or teachers or engineers. They cannot leave the home unescorted by male family members. Forced marriages, child marriages, domestic violence, are rife structural conditions. If they go out in public, they are required to wear head-to-toe covering that limits visibility and mobility, instead of being allowed to choose. Women are not allowed to work. They are not allowed to congregate in public. Women who accidentally miss the rules are whipped. A woman caught in the company of a male non-relative is accused of 'zina' and taken to be stoned. Thus under the guise of purity, women are imposed with a lot of restrictions and control. There is no freedom to know, to speak out, to move, to choose.
Dr. Samar explains a bit in this book how conditions came about. When the Soviets invaded and regional, tribal mujahideen fought back and fought against each other, the USA, UK, Saudia Arabia and UAE saw a chance to fund the opposite, conservative side which would lead to the Taliban. As Dr. Samar explains it, Afghan refugees came to Pakistan, and mothers and fathers saw a chance for a better life for their sons if they entrust them to camp schools. However, the type of madrassahs that Pakistan sponsored did not focus on teaching math and science but on transmitting radicalization. Pakistan saw this as a political opportunity to exert its own influence in Afghanistan. Dr. Samar says that the schools were an export of Wahhabism, a specific ideology founded in Saudi Arabia that places emphasis on an interpretation of fundamentalism. The Taliban then came from Pakistan to Afghanistan.
Dr. Samar points out that society was not always so. While Afghanistan, she repeats several times in the book, had been a patriarchal society, growing up she had more freedoms. She was able to go to university and study medicine and become a doctor. Women were headmistresses and teachers in schools. She was married to a man, a physics professor, who respected her in every way, elevated her right to be heard, and treated her as an equal in their joint decisions together. (Her husband was later arrested in the middle of night and disappeared).
For Dr. Samar, Afghanistan is more than the brief history of Taliban rule. Afghanistan is her childhood days of harvesting apricots, almonds, pomegranates, and making yogurt and cheese. Afghanistan is a multiethnic country of Pashtun, Hazara, Uzbek, Tajik. It is a country of kite-flying, astronomy clubs, martial arts lessons, radio stations, when it is allowed to flourish. But Dr. Samar also endeavors never to deemphasize the enormity of work that lies ahead to rebuild Afghanistan's infrastructure, and to undo layers of patriarchy.
Dr. Samar has never lost hope for her country. She operated her hospitals even under Taliban rule (they also needed someone, a female doctor, they could bring their wives too). Throughout the book, she emphasizes the need for women's rights to become recognized as human rights. She emphasizes the need for education and literacy as an uplift against poverty and bulwark against fearmongering and extremism. These are values she repeats over and over.
I can't represent Dr. Samar's words as well as she can, so I'm quoting some of her words below. This book is a highly informative one to read.
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"A man once said to me, "if i give women human rights, I have to give away my human rights." I tried to explain the concepts of equality and fairness and justice to him. I tried to help him understand that dozens of studies showed that human rights are for all people and are a key to prosperity, to better outcomes for everyone.""
""These young men had been schooled in madrassas opened for Afghan refugee children in Pakistan-- Taliban means 'students'-- but the curriculum was misinformation and hatred.. They promised peace, but in reality they hijacked religion for political opportunism to deliver a toxic mix of misogyny and misery in the name of God.""
""In war's aftermath the people are yoked to its consequences. Most suffer from the psychological trauma that comes with insecurity; others, the homeless ones, the orphans, the wounded, the malnourished, suffer no less grievously. All of them are paying the price for someone else's feud, and without help they grow up and keep the war kettly boiling, carrying the quarrel to the next generation.""
""Consider this: between 1996 and 2001, women, who represent 50 percent of the population, were treated like slaves and like baby-making machines, and the more male babies, the better. Women could not speak out or talk back-- they had no rights and lived obediently and submissively at home, suffering no end of violence. In 2001 when the Taliban was defeated, a lot of that changed; for the next twenty years girls could go to school and become lawyers, journalists, governors, ministers, members of parliament, senators, teachers, doctors, entrepreneurs, artists, and sportswomen. The universities were crammed with girls and boys who were reaching for the stars and imagining lives of fulfillment and success.""
""It's all about minor interpretations of religion that has a basic creed for everyone. We all worship the same God. We all believe in the doctrines of goodness, honesty, humility, generosity and service. How we express those beliefs is a personal and spiritual journey each of us takes or decides not to take. And yet religion is used as an excuse to discriminate, to punish, and to kill. Rather than bringing us together in service, one to the other, it drives us apart.""
""Some international agencies began justifying the abuses by saying, 'At least there's peace under the Taliban '.Except for women, living in prison isn't peace. The silence in the graveyard isn't peace. The threat of being stoned to death isn't peace. Paintint your windows over so you can't be seen isn't peace.""
""We trained nurses, started a midwifery program, and began a mass vaccination drive against tetanus and the viral diseases that had been making people sick. We taught hygiene to people unaware of the importance of washing hands or sterilizing instruments for birthing babies. We trained thousands and gave them the basic equipment to deal with deliveries. ""
""Hundreds of eager students flocked to the schools, and the lineup at the clinics stretched out into the street. I started sewing and quilting projects so the women could earn money, and trained people as health care workers and midwives. I tapped every international aid organization I could find for the funds to operate. But nothing was ever easy.""
""Human rights and dignity for all must be the way we approach every single issue in our country. Inclusion is the way to build trust and confidence between the people and the government. The foundation for democracy is trust among the people and in the process... Quality education is the strogest tool to fight ignorance and poverty. Universal education makes peace building and development possible.""