The Comet: The fleeting Apocalypse
Apocalyptic media by its very nature is concerned with the aftermath of immense tragedy and loss. The post-apocalyptic genre typically explores the many ways the world can change following the end of human domination. These stories depict the decay of morality and the emergence of new ways of life following the apocalypse. Post-apocalyptic media fundamentally posit that when the world ends so do social and cultural norms. But what if social and cultural paradigms are not so easily cast aside, what if the nature of society lies not in physical objects but deep within the minds of people? This is the argument that W.E.B Du Bois’ “The Comet” posits. The comet follows a young black man named Jim who emerges from a bunker to discover that the world as he knows it has been destroyed by a passing meteorite. “The Comet” subverts genre conventions, through the vehicle of the apocalypse to explore the racialised dynamic between its black protagonist and the world he can now traverse that was previously forbidden to him. The apocalypse can act as a preserving force as well as a destructive one, where survivors venerate the old world and positively contrast what has been lost to their current circumstances, but in “The Comet" there is no reverence for the previous regime supposedly destroyed by the apocalypse. For Du Bois and his protagonist Jim, racial ideologies endure beyond the end of his world.
“The Comet” may seem like an archetypal post-apocalyptic story but uses genre aesthetics to comment on how foolish it is to think we can transcend political and social norms through an apocalypse. The text, written in 1920, depicts a world in which most of the population of New York is eradicated as a result of a passing meteorite. A lesser story might only explore how the world is transformed through this impact. Instead “The Comet” examines how humans preserve hierarchies, such as racial ideologies, and how this construct remains deeply rooted in the minds of those the comet did not touch. “The Comet” is a story about all the things that do not change in the apocalypse, from Jim's fear he will be held responsible for the death of the president, to the acknowledgement that he would never be able to have a relationship with a white woman in any other circumstance; as the protagonist notes “He would have been dirt beneath her silken feet”.
Fundamentally “The Comet” rejects escapism. There is no world, Du Bois argues, in which the effects of systemic racism cannot be felt and actioned; “We who are dark can see America in a way that white Americans cannot” (Du Bois 1926). “The Comet” asks us to consider that if the end of the world cannot end racism, how can it ever be surmounted, a question Du Bois explored in his wider writing. The story also highlights the absurdity of racism, as survivors of the Comet have been plunged into a scenario where they should cling together and forgo previous toxic hierarchies, yet its effects still determine the trajectory of people’s lives. The story satires the idea that racism could ever be seen as legitimate and logical.
Part of “The Comet’s” political messaging comes from its misdirection, setting up a different kind of narrative. In the story’s exploration of the burgeoning interracial relationship between the black protagonist and his white love interest, we see the potential of a new world free from the bondage of racism. But this flight of fancy is shattered by the return of Julia’s father and fiance, reasserting old world power structures and forcing our protagonist back into his socially ordained place. This plot twist highlights the lingering power of racism, whilst also critiquing escapist fiction’s tendency to ignore complex intersectional issues such as race.
The apocalyptic genre often draws much of its horror and tension from the newfound danger that the characters - usually white - find themselves in. Du Bois suggests that this state of paranoia and fear is not a new feeling for people of colour but one that they live every day. The world may be ending for many of the denizens of the story, but it’s been on the precipice of collapse for people of colour for a long time. Du Bois intentionally obscures the names of the leading characters to heighten the initial lack of a racialised dynamic between them. This ambiguous status adds to the narrative’s post-racial misdirection, creating a false sense of racial rebirth for the characters which the ending undercuts, with the conclusion raising “ the specter of lynching, the omnipresence of white supremacy, and the rampant policing of Black sexuality in the period” (Rusert 2018).
The wider context of the Harlem Renaissance is an important subtext to “The Comet”. Du Bois was an immensely influential figure in the Harlem Renaissance, contributing to a broader debate going on at the time about the different ways African-Americans could advocate for themselves in a system that disenfranchised and abused them. On the one hand you had change from within, represented in ideas of black exceptionalism on the other you had transformative action breaking the illegitimate wheel that had victimised African-Americans for so long, seen in the apocalyptic subtext of “The Comet”. In line with the complexities of this problem, both options are treated as flawed. But this is not a purely nihilistic story; there is power to be found in black identity, in community and in culture, “ The Comet” goes to great lengths to explore this.
“The Comet’s’’ protagonist Jim is able to traverse spaces traditionally set aside from white elites seen most prominently in his relationship with Julia, a rich white woman. Critically this “transgression” is transient and it comes at a cost: millions of people had to die to temporarily uproot the enforced racial politics of the time. “The Comet '' defies the escapist elements of the apocalyptic-fiction genre by undercutting the transformative power of the Apocalypse. This story challenges the idea that you can escape from racial ideologies. Just as the experiences of the protagonist is fundamentally coloured by his racial identities, the experience of reading this narrative is an exercise in accepting that race fundamentally changes how you experience the world. “The Comet '' explores the immense power of racial identity to determine happiness, prosperity, success and safety, and though dabbling in the escapism of denying this reality, ultimately ends by enforcing racial reality back on the protagonist. Racial identity is a social construct thrust onto people, and despite this narrative's indulgence in the fantasy of living without this construct, the reality of the power of racism is all the more apparent because the protagonist can see a world unaffected by this issue but is denied full access to it.