Rating: 2.5
Originally published in 1832, George Sand’s Indiana delves deep into the complexities of love, social norms and the human condition. Set in rural France, the story follows the journey of the eponymous protagonist, a young woman trapped in a loveless marriage to the wealthy but oppressive Colonel Delmare. Through Indiana's eyes, we witness the suffocating constraints imposed on women in 19th-century society, where marriage often meant subjugation and loss of personal autonomy. The arrival of the enigmatic Raymon de Ramière sets off a chain of events that forces Indiana to confront her desires and the limitations of her world.
This graphic novel adaptation offers a fresh and innovative take on George Sand’s classic tale. By interweaving elements of Sand’s own life with the novel’s narrative, Claire Bouilhac and Catel provide readers with a deeper understanding of the author’s struggles and influences, especially its feminist overtones, which are prominent throughout the novel as it criticises the double standards and injustices faced by women in a patriarchal society.
The format of the graphic novel also allows for visually stunning illustrations that bring the story to life in vibrant detail. From the lush landscapes of rural France to the intimate moments between the characters, Catel's art emphasises the emotional depth of the narrative and engages readers on many levels.
Regarding the novel’s weaknesses, although Sand’s criticism of how married women were treated in France was revolutionary, it is reasonable to acknowledge its flaws and inconsistencies.
The depiction of Indiana’s character, with her tendency to faint or fall ill in moments of challenge or dilemma, can be frustrating from a modern feminist perspective. This representation reflects the social expectations placed on women during Sand’s time when they were often relegated to passive roles and denied control of their lives. While some readers may understand Indiana’s struggles as a reflection of the constraints placed on women, her depiction may also seem regressive and reinforce stereotypes of female fragility.
The inclusion of colonialism and the French colony in the Indian Ocean, with its dynamics of power and oppression, adds another layer of complexity to the novel, but the colonialist themes are overshadowed by Indiana’s journey, potentially diluting the critique of colonialism and its impact on marginalised communities.
As it is crucial to be critical of how characters from marginalised backgrounds are portrayed in literature and the potential impact on readers, I think it’s important to note how the representation of Noun, a character who is presumed to be black, raises concerns about racial stereotyping and the perpetuation of harmful tropes. For example, Noun’s decision to take her own life rather than confront the injustices and hardships she faces speaks to the desperation of those marginalized by society, as her suicide is presented as a tragic consequence of the systemic oppression and lack of agency experienced by Black characters in the novel. But Noun’s portrayal falls short, failing to challenge or subvert stereotypes and instead reinforcing problematic assumptions about race and identity, rather than offering a nuanced exploration of her character and experiences. The decision to have Noun resort to suicide as a means of escape from her hardships strikes me as a missed opportunity to explore alternative narratives or avenues for resistance. Rather than empowering Noun to confront the injustices she faces and advocate for change, her suicide may inadvertently reinforce narratives of helplessness and hopelessness among Black characters.
Additionally, the moral ambiguity of the characters, with few if any portrayed as truly virtuous or sympathetic, can contribute to a sense of disillusionment or detachment from the narrative. While flawed characters can add depth and complexity to a story, when coupled with a lack of clear motivations or character development, they may come across as unsympathetic to readers.
In conclusion, Indiana offers an interesting exploration of love, societal norms, and feminist themes. But, while the narrative provides valuable insights into the struggles of its characters and the injustices of their time, it also grapples with shortcomings in character development and representation, particularly concerning gender and racial stereotypes. Despite these flaws and while acknowledging the limitations of the adaptation, particularly in character development and thematic exploration, the graphic novel breathes new life into Sand’s tale, offering readers an accessible and visually engaging alternative, that is both easier and quicker to consume. And, by engaging critically with its themes and complexities, readers can appreciate the novel’s enduring relevance while remaining vigilant of its limitations.