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Let's Study Revelation

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Derek Thomas shows that amidst the language and forms that dazzle and shock the book of Revelation is above all a book about Jesus Christ. Thomas takes us through the series of seven visions which show the outworking of the words of Jesus to 'I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.'

203 pages, Paperback

First published March 30, 2003

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About the author

Derek W.H. Thomas

59 books65 followers
Originally from Wales, Dr. Derek Thomas is the John E. Richards Professor of Systematic and Practical Theology at Reformed Theological Seminary, Jackson, Mississippi. After pastoring for 17 years in Belfast, Northern Ireland, Dr Thomas returned to the USA in 1996 where, in addition to his work at the seminary, he serves as the Minister of Teaching at First Presbyterian Church in Jackson.

In addition to serving in the pastorate, Derek has served as editor of the Evangelical Presbyterian, a monthly denominational magazine. A 1978 graduate of RTS, he gained a Ph.D. from the University of Wales, Lampeter, in Calvin’s preaching on the book of Job. He has written numerous books, including The Storm Breaks: Job Simply Explained, Wisdom: the Key to Living God’s Way, and God Strengthens: Ezekiel Simply Explained, Making the Most of Your Devotional Life based on the Ascent Psalms, and Praying the Savior’s Way, based on the Lord’s Prayer. Recently he published Let’s Study Revelation (Banner of Truth), Let’s Study Galatians (Banner of Truth), and Calvin’s Teaching on Job: Proclaiming the Incomprehensible God (Christian Focus). He also co-edited, Give Praise To God: A Vision for Reforming Worship (P & R).

His interests include the music of Anton Bruckner, Richard Wagner and Gustav Mahler as well as a passion for good coffee.

He has been married to his wife, Rosemary, for almost 30 years. They have two adult children, Ellen and Owen.

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Displaying 1 - 6 of 6 reviews
29 reviews
October 9, 2019
I highly recommend this book to anyone who is even remotely interested in the book of Revelation! Derek Thomas is very clear and easy to understand. He makes Revelation a book that you want to read and understand.
Profile Image for Chad.
1,258 reviews1,037 followers
February 4, 2024
An accessible guide to studying Revelation. Thomas deliberately sticks with the main points and avoids deep analysis of and speculation about the book's symbolism. He takes an amillennial, idealist view (6 seals and 6 trumpets take place during entire period from Christ's ascension to final return).

Thomas says the theme of Revelation is the unfolding of God's redemptive and judgmental purposes throughout history; what Jesus intends to do for His people and against His enemies. He also says the following about the book overall:
It is about the future - yes! But, it is also about the present - our present. Things unfold that describe for us (often employing Old Testament language) what we can expect when we live boldly for Christ in a world in which Satan is 'the prince of the power of the air'. In the end, the goal is worship of God, of Christ, by the church here on earth as well as in heaven. Praise songs bind the visions together, rejoicing as they do in God's sovereignty over every hostile and evil force.
The message is about a Great Throne, a Lamb who is actually a Lion, and a fearsome foe who always threatens more than he can deliver and whose doom is certain.
In a sense, this has been the intention of the book of Revelation from the very beginning: to increase our anticipation of heaven.
Thomas describes Revelation's structure as progressive; he says the repeated use of the number 7 tells of the cyclical nature of the book; it gives several glimpses of the same picture from different perspectives. He says,
The basic structure of Revelation can be described as recapitulatory and progressive parallelism. That is, the book is constantly covering the same general ground, returning to survey it all over again, adding further insight on each new visit.
Thomas describes the way he wrote his book this way:
There is a value in taking Revelation quickly: it keeps both preacher and listener away from the details! And is in the details that trouble emerges! My aim in writing this volume has been to try to do something similar move quickly and avoid trouble, thereby dispelling some of the fear that Christians often seem to have concerning this book. I have long since come to the conclusion that God does not intend his final word to the church to be intimidating.
At the time of the book's publication, Thomas was Professor of Practical Theology at Reformed Theological Seminary, Jackson.

Notes
Introduction
Consensus is that Rev was written in mid 90s AD, during reign of Domitian. Many say 65 AD, during reign of Nero. This book adopts first view, because many parts of Rev seem to imply emperor worship, which fits Domitian better.

Outline of Revelation
Vision 1: Church in Asia Minor. 7 churches, probably meant as typical of all churches everywhere at all times. Chapters 1-3.
Vision 2: 7 seals. Begins with vision of throne of God. Each seal grows in intensity. 7th seal is Day of Judgment. Chapters 4-7, opening of chapter 8.
Vision 3: 7 trumpets. There is interlude between 6th and 7th trumpets in which further visions are given. Chapters 8-11.
Vision 4: Battle against Satan. Key to book. Describes real battle between God and Satan. Chapter 12-14.
Vision 5: 7 bowls. Bowls of wrath poured on earth. Chapters 15-16.
Vision 6: Downfall of Babylon. Christ systematically gains victory over every foe. Chapters 17-19.
Vision 7: New heaven and earth. Chapters 20-22.

Heaven's Throne
Horns (5:6) represent strength, eyes represent seeing and knowing what happens on earth. 7 spirits are Holy Spirit (Zech 4:6). 4 living creatures represent redemption of creation (Rom 8:21; 2 Pet 3:13; Is 6; Ezek 1).

The Opening of the Seals
Rev 6. White horseman is Antichrist, a parody of Christ. It's not Christ because it would be unusual for Christ ot open a seal that reveals Himself. And horsemen form an evil quartet. Red = war, social; black = famine, ecological; pale = death and Hades, biological. God is sovereign over them.

Rev 7 covers same time period as Rev 6.

Great tribulation (7:13) refers to persecution of Church throughout history (Rev 1:9; 2:22; 1 Pet 4:1-13; Col 1:24).

Self-Destructive Forces of Evil
Rev 8:6-12: 1st 4 trumpets show partial judgment on creation. Judgments resemble 10 Plagues which showed God reigns over creation. They may refer to physical calamities or may be symbolic. E.g., "great star" of Rev 8:10 may allude to fall of Satan in Isa 14:12-15.

Locusts (9:17-19) represent demonic powers that are simultaneously attractive and repulsive. The world in the grip of Satan is both beguiling and brutal.

Satan is "God's tool … In allowing Satan some rope, God uses him to execute judgment on a fallen world in much the same way as a man might make use of a savage dog which hates him to drive unwelcome visitors off his estate."

Progress of the Gospel happens in parallel to increasing hostility to God.

Sweet and Sour
Angel of Rev 10:1-11 seems to be Christ, based on imagery borrowed from OT and Rev. One foot on land and other on sea (10:2) indicates Jesus' total sovereignty over earth.

7 thunders precede 7th trumpet, so they signify judgments which occur in time period after Jesus' 1st coming (same as 1st 6 seals and 1st 6 trumpets).

NT shows that after God's judgments in history, nothing else needs to happen before Last Judgment. Nothing remains to happen after 6 trumpets.

The Two Witnesses
2 visions of Rev 10 and 11 are interlude before 7th trumpet.

2 witnesses comprise something apparent through history leading up to Christ's 2nd coming.

Holy city = Church.

3.5 years = time from destruction of temple (70 AD) to Christ's return.

Dan 7 speaks of attack on temple by Antiochus Epiphanes in 2nd century BC.

Rev 11:1-13 means in the last days (period between 2 advents of Christ) will come times of difficulty for Church (2 Tim 3:1-13; 2 Thess 1:4-8).

John wasn't to measure outer court of Gentiles (Rev 11:2) because assurance and security of this passage is only for God's people (see Ezek 40-41).

During the last days, there is to be a powerful testimony to the Word of God in the world reminiscent of the ministry of Elijah and Moses. In the same way that John the Baptist came in the spirit of Elijah (Luke 1:17), the people of God are likewise to exude the same spirit. There are two of them in order to establish their authority (the law required two witnesses for validation.

There is an invincibility about their witness (11:5). They cannot be ultimately harmed in any way. The fragile vessels which make up God's church may be afflicted, perplexed, persecuted and struck down, but not crushed or in despair or forsaken or destroyed (2 Cor 4:7-9).

Persecution by "beast that rises from the bottomless pit" takes place over 3.5 days rather than 42 months, indicating an event that will take place at end of 42 months (end of history). This matches NT teachings of a personal Antichrist or "man of lawlessness" (2 Thess 2:1-12; 1 John 2:18). Rev suggests this view too, with Battle of Armageddon in Rev 16 and releasing of Satan in Rev 20.

Last days will be punctuated with periods of intense suffering and death (11:7-8).

Bible doesn't give any expectation that, prior to 2nd coming, Church will be removed from battle with Satan that occurs throughout history.

Woman of 12:1 represents Church transitioning from BC into AD. Crown refers to Church sharing in Christ's kingship.

Dragon's 7 crowns refer to Satan's pretending to be all-powerful king.

Rev 12:7-12 describes same events as 12:1-6, but from viewpoint of Heaven.

"The closer we follow Jesus, the more likely we are to become Satan's target. But, equally, the more likely we are to know the protecting grace of our Father in heaven."

Beasts of Sea and Land
Beast of sea (13:1-10) is image of Satan with authority from Satan, not Satan himself.

Beast of sea is based on 1st-century Roman persecution (e.g, Domitian) but represents hostility throughout history.

Beast represents political and secular forces that seek, however subtly, to destroy testimony of Christ.

Mortal wound represents death and resurrection of Jesus. Beast isn't dead, but dying (Isa 27:1; Ps 74:13-14; Heb 3:14-15).

Beast of earth (same as false prophet - 16:13) represents false religion. Represents religious character of Antichristian forces throughout history.

666 (triad of imperfection) is parody of 777 (triad of perfection).

"Three skills are required: patient endurance (13:10), faithfulness (13:10), and wisdom (13:18): they are the keys to living God's way."

One Hundred and Forty-Four Thousand
1600 stadia (Rev 14:20) is approx measurement of Palestine. Spreading of blood probably represents worldwide judgment of unbelievers outside city of God (see Joel 3:13; Isa 63:2-3).

Armageddon
Seals, trumpets, bowls probably all represent same events from different perspectives; each sequence ends with Judgment Day.

River Euphrates in Rev 16:12 is symbolic of people (see Rev 17:1, 15).

Dragon, beast, false prophet parallel dragon, beast of sea, beast of earth of Rev 12-13, and represent Satan, Satanic politics, Satanic religion, respectively.

Battle of Armageddon in 16:14; 19:19; 20:8 is same battle as 11:7.

Megiddo was the battlefield of Israel, where many of its battles occurred. It symbolizes location of battle of God against forces of darkness, though we shouldn't expect a literal battle.

Book of Rev and Parable of Tares/Weeds (Matt 13:36-43) teaches we should expect hostility until 2nd coming. We shouldn't expect golden age of Christianity before 2nd coming.

A Tale of Two Cities
Rev 16:17-21 represents Judgment Day.

Woman seated on many waters (17:1) and in wilderness (17:3) seems to allude to Isa 21 and Jer 51:13. Rev 17:15 identifies waters as people.

7 heads (17:7) which are 7 kings (17:10) may represent Roman emperors, or, more likely, separate empires (6th is Rome, 7th is symbolic of all empires between Rom and 2nd coming).

10 horns (17:3) which are 10 kings (17:12, 18) represent powers of beast and Satan: art, education, commerce, industry, government, etc., when they follow an ungodly agenda. 10 horns are still future, implying that they're only on 7th beast, indicating intense battle with forces of Lamb prior to 2nd coming.

Waters on which harlot sits (17:1) refers to economic wealth of Babylon, brought in by rivers. May refer to Jer 51:13

The Millennium
What is being revealed to John is the destruction of the Kingdom of Darkness, beginning with its external manifestation (Babylon), it's driving forces (the beast and the false prophet), and ultimately its source and origin, Satan himself. The order is not chronological but theological.
Rev frequently uses numbers and number patterns symbolically, so no reason to take 1,000 years literally. 10 ✕ 10 ✕ 10 is combination of ideal numbers 3 and 10. 1,000 years is figurative of time between Christ's advents.

Satan is bound (20:1-3) now. His freedom has been limited since Jesus' 1st coming, allowing evangelism of world (Matt 12:29; 28:19; Luke 10:17-18; John 12:31-32).

At same time Satan is bound, saints are reigning (20:4-5). They reign in heaven. With only 1 exception (2:13), all thrones in Rev are in heaven. 20:4 speaks of spiritual resurrection; 20:5 speaks of physical resurrection.

At end of history there will be an immense battle between kingdoms of God and Satan (16:13-16; 20:7-10).

A Place Called 'Home'
That new earth doesn't have sea is because sea isn't natural habitat of humans. Also, to Israel, sea meant threat and hostility.

"The guarantee of heaven for the redeemed does not lessen one whit the need for a diligent pursuit of holiness." See Rev 21:8, 15, 27; 1 Cor 6:9-10.

Jewels (21:18-19) remind of high priest's breastplate.

City is cube, as was Most Holy Place in temple (1 Kings 6:20).

The End Game
The nearness of the return of Jesus is to be measured, not by human chronology, but by events in the timetable of God's plan of redemption in history. … We are on the last lap of human history. However long that lasts from our perspective, on Christ's calendar his return is soon. Since the outpouring of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, only one significant (redemptive) event remains: the second coming of Jesus Christ!
"Last days" began at Pentecost (Heb 1:1-2; 9:26; Acts 2:17).

22:11 ("let the evildoer still do evil …") refers to afterlife (see 22:12, 15).

Recommended Reading
• The Returning King: A Guide to the Book of Revelation by Vern Poythress
• Four Views on the Book of Revelation by C. Marvin Pate
• Three Views on the Millennium and Beyond by Darrell L. Bock
• More than Conquerors: An Interpretation of the Book of Revelation by William Hendriksen
• The Book of Revelation by G. K. Beale
• Revelation, An Exposition on the First Eleven Chapters by James B. Ramsey
• The Promise of the Future by Cornelius P. Venema
Profile Image for Conrad.
444 reviews12 followers
April 6, 2023
A concise overview of the Book of Revelation which explains its structure and its purpose without getting into any specific details concerning the prophecies. It is good for an overview, although the study guide leaves something to be desired.
Our Reformed forefathers weren’t so politically correct in that they saw in the description of the whore of Babylon (chapters 17,18), the Roman Catholic Church - a topic that is apparently off-limits today for most commentators today with a few exceptions - notably John MacArthur.
Profile Image for Kristi Ray.
100 reviews
November 25, 2023
This study guide was a very good introduction to the book of Revelation. Still, so much of this prophesy is difficult to understand. I think an even deeper, more methodical study of the last book of the Bible would be beneficial for the church as the time of Christ’s return draws near.
Profile Image for Landon Coleman.
Author 5 books15 followers
October 18, 2023
I recently taught Revelation to a group of men at my church, and this book was one that I quoted often. Thomas hasn't written a long, overly-complicated book on Revelation. Instead, he has written a short, concise, helpful book that touches on all the major themes of Revelation. He also writes as a pastor with the aim of application, which is helpful in preparing to teach.
Profile Image for Joseph.
201 reviews
January 8, 2021
Definitely helped me see the book of Revelation in a different light since I have never studied and only read the book. The study questions aren’t great, so if you plan on using this as a group study you will be heavily dependent on discussions within the group.
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