Am 30. April 1810 trägt Goethe in sein Tagebuch ein: »Die Stanzen des ›Tagebuch‹ abgeschrieben.« Goethe schätzte sein Gedicht, er las es Freunden vor, und doch verbot er die Veröffentlichung. ›Das Tagebuch‹ tauchte erst im zweiten oder dritten Jahrzehnt des zwanzigsten Jahrhundert in den authentischen Goethe-Editionen auf und blieb bis heute von Wissenschaft und Kritik unbeachtet. Dabei ist es ein großes Gedicht, ein Liebesgedicht, mit einem Jahrtausendreim dazu. Eines Tages im Jahre 1913 las Kippenberg seinem Autor Rilke dieses Gedicht vor, Rilke war »fasziniert«, er machte sogleich eine Abschrift. Die Kenntnis dieses wie auch anderer Gedichte von Goethe hatte ihren Anteil, daß Rilke sein kritisches Goethe-Bild änderte und kurze Zeit danach seine ›Phallischen Hymnen‹ schrieb. Band 1000 bietet Goethes Gedicht, Siegfried Unselds Abhandlung »Goethes Gedicht ›Das Tagebuch‹ und seine Folge bei Rilke« und den Text von Rilkes ›Phallischen Hymnen‹.
A master of poetry, drama, and the novel, German writer and scientist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe spent 50 years on his two-part dramatic poem Faust, published in 1808 and 1832, also conducted scientific research in various fields, notably botany, and held several governmental positions.
George Eliot called him "Germany's greatest man of letters... and the last true polymath to walk the earth." Works span the fields of literature, theology, and humanism. People laud this magnum opus as one of the peaks of world literature. Other well-known literary works include his numerous poems, the Bildungsroman Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship and the epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther.
With this key figure of German literature, the movement of Weimar classicism in the late 18th and early 19th centuries coincided with Enlightenment, sentimentality (Empfindsamkeit), Sturm und Drang, and Romanticism. The author of the scientific text Theory of Colours, he influenced Darwin with his focus on plant morphology. He also long served as the privy councilor ("Geheimrat") of the duchy of Weimar.
Goethe took great interest in the literatures of England, France, Italy, classical Greece, Persia, and Arabia and originated the concept of Weltliteratur ("world literature"). Despite his major, virtually immeasurable influence on German philosophy especially on the generation of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling, he expressly and decidedly refrained from practicing philosophy in the rarefied sense.
Influence spread across Europe, and for the next century, his works inspired much music, drama, poetry and philosophy. Many persons consider Goethe the most important writer in the German language and one of the most important thinkers in western culture as well. Early in his career, however, he wondered about painting, perhaps his true vocation; late in his life, he expressed the expectation that people ultimately would remember his work in optics.