The notes in this book have been compiled and prepared in such a manner primarily keeping in mind the NTA UGC NET/SET/JRF German subject for Paper II examination pattern in recent years so that it can fulfill the examination needs of various students from different universities in India. All efforts have been taken to keep it much more precise, simple, and effective so that students can possess accurate and expert knowledge of the subject. I hope students will derive maximum benefits by reading and referring to this book. Best wishes to all the students who are appearing for their NTA UGC NET/SET/JRF examinations.