I have read hundreds of books and academic journals on Ancient Rome, yet Moneta still managed to offer me something genuinely new. Telling the history of a civilization through twelve coins is, in itself, a really cool concept.
Naturally, Gareth Harney uses far more than just twelve coins throughout the book, frequently referencing and illustrating additional examples in both text and images. However, those twelve key pieces act as narrative anchors, each one launching a particular historical moment or theme that the author wishes to explore, and he does so with remarkable proficiency. Harney is, above all, a true storyteller.
Equally important is his evident love for numismatics. Coins are still among the most familiar financial tools we possess; objects everyone recognizes and uses (although, in 2025, this is rapidly changing with the rise of digital payments and wallets). Because of this, it is incredibly easy for the reader to imagine holding a Roman coin and to wonder: Who used it? What did it buy? What hands did it pass through?
This sense of shared humanity and historical empathy permeates the book. Harney consistently begins each chapter with the coin itself: explaining why it matters, why specific images were chosen, what political or religious messages they carried, and even why the silver content stood at a particular level. From there, he skilfully expands outward, moving from the micro (metallurgy, iconography, and circulation) to the macro (political power, financial policy, imperial propaganda, and social change) always showing how these forces ultimately shaped the lives of ordinary people.
Through this approach, Moneta explores a wide range of themes, including:
• The mythical foundations of Rome and the creation of collective identity
• The rise of Republican values and the militarization of citizenship
• Political propaganda and the use of coinage as mass communication
• The collapse of Republican institutions and the emergence of autocracy
• The transformation of Rome under Augustus and the invention of imperial legitimacy
• Public spectacle, urbanism, and the social contract between emperor and people
• Imperial expansion, conquest, and the economics of war
• Philosophy, duty, and leadership during the empire’s moral high point
• Monetary debasement, inflation, and the Crisis of the Third Century
• Attempts at reform and stability under the Tetrarchy
• The rise of Christian symbolism and religious transformation
• And finally, the persistence of Roman identity beyond the political fall of the Western Empire
In Moneta, coins are not merely illustrations — they are historical witnesses. Harney demonstrates, with clarity and elegance, how a few grams of metal can preserve the ambitions, fears, beliefs, and contradictions of an entire civilization.