Shortlised Women's Prize for Fiction 2024.
Enright's 'The Wren The Wren' is a superbly written novel that explores familial relationships, a recurring theme throughout her work. The narrative centers on the complex, fraught relationship between an Irish mother, Carmel, and her daughter, Nell. Through their story, Enright explores the ties and divisions of family inheritance and legacy, shaping identities even as individuals strive for their independence and self-identity. Themeatically, this also concerns Irish cultural identity, especially relating to literary heritage and traditions.
At the heart of the story lies the unresolved, fraught relationship with Carmel's father, Phil McDaragh, a celebrated Irish lyric poet, who abandons his family in the 1980s to pursue the life of a 'roving Irish poet'. Enright skillfully satirises this romanticised poet figure, while also acknowledging the powerful allure he exerts for his daughter, grandaughter, and readers alike. At moments this portrayal of Phil is ferociously and darkly comedic.
What makes "The Wren The Wren" brilliant is Enright's ability to maintain the tension between these different understandings and experiences of 'Phil', literature, language, desire, and love. The poetic in this work, as represented by Phil and his poems, is often darkly manipulative, yet authentically meaningful and visionary, connecting us with something slippery, transcendent, elusive. Here Enright also takes aim at the patriarchal legacies of this Irish literary heritage, while recognising its seductive allure. Throughout the novel she's clear-eyed about the costs to the lives of women imposed by this celebrated heritage.
Enright intersperes Phil's poems throughout the novel, inviting readers to interpret the story and its themes through this poetic lens and sensibility. Some of this verse is almost caricatured, with lines about love, romance, Irish idylic countryside, flora and fauna. For example, 'A Scent of Thyme', a poem that features heavily through the book, is derived from a traditional Irish verse song, 'Ceann Dubh Dilis'. This 18th century love song has had various poetic versions, including by Irish poet Samuel Ferguson. It incorporates Irish folklore and mythology and is deeply informed by the Irish literary revival that sought to reclaim and assert Irish culture and identity. But reinforcing the troubling side of this literary inheritance, this poem frames Nell's darkly disturbing first-person account of her abusive sexual relationship with a young man, Felim: "Another time, he loves me. He controls the thing he loves. He is precise, I am the chaos. I feel the room carve in two in front of my jostled eyes and space remake itself. That is what the gristle of his soul-splitting prick can do to me. And when he has pulled me apart, I remain whole. When it stops, I am, magically, still here".
From the midst of her pain and confusion, Nel's poetic voice emerges to disrupt and contest that literary and cultural inheritance that's too often expressed as a form of toxic, controlling masculinity. There's so much in this work about generational trauma and the struggle to escape it. In scene after disturbing scene Enright sharply conveys the raw, visceral violence that this culture inflicts on women.
In terms of narrative structure, Enright organises the work around two distinct and alternating, non-linear sections: Carmel's third-person and Nel's first-person narratives. The sections written in third-person titled 'Carmel', cover the various events in her life, including her relationship with Phil, his abandonment of the family, her relationship with her older sister Imelda, and centrally, her relationship with Nell. This section includes an account of Phil 'wooing' his future wife, Terry. Phil, "...won her with verse."
In the subsequent years Carmel's contact with Phil primarily consists of receiving a few postcards, signed "Daddo". However, we encounter the poem titled, 'The Wren The Wren' that Phil dedicated to her. It includes the lines,
the wren the wren
was a panic
of feathered air
in my opening hand
so fierce and light
I did not feel
the push
of her ascent
away from me.
The closing lines are:
"my life, my daughter,
the far away sky is cold
and very blue"
This poem encapsulates the central themes and contradictions at the core of this work. Despite the poetic and narrative deceit in Phil's deplorable act of abandoning his family, while his wife was recovering from a mastectomy, only to seek redemption through this poetic dedication, there remains an undeniable undercurrent of authentic love and pain. Enright offers a deeply felt portrayal of how individuals struggle to connect and love through language. Nonetheless, some may question the effectiveness of integrating the poems with the overall narrative structure.
In the sections titled Nel, readers are immersed in the messy experience of a young woman finding her way in the world, lovingly grappling with her somewhat suffocating mother, and coming to terms with her conflicted family inheritance. Aditionally, we are given a section titled 'Phil', also narrated in first-person, in which Enright conjures a compelling account of his formative years and the experience that shaped his poetic commitments: "Now, I know the indelible thing was the glance I exchanged with the badger pup, as he waited for the fatal blow to fall. Nothing in my life, before or since, has matched that connection. It was a peak of understanding from which my whole existence, with its loves and false joys and tedious losses, has slowly fallen away".
Enright's skill in portraying these distinct yet overlapping narrative voices and subjectivities is remarkable. For instance, her depiciton of Nel's fragmented experience, influenced by social media, is highly effective. Nel, who has studied Social Media communication at University, produces and writes content for social media influencers.
This formal interweaving of the different narrative voices and perspectices of Carmel, Nell and Phil, along with other sources such as poems and letters, creatively illuminates the work's key themes of time and intergenerational trauma and love.
To me, 'The Wren The Wren' provides a literary lens through which to consider and experience the search for these 'peaks of understanding" — moments when, through language and touch, we strive to bridge the spaces between us. However, these acts of connection, whether through love or poetry, can be painful and manipulative. As Nell observes towards the novel's conclusion, after finding herself in what is shaping up as a possibly more authentic, healthy relationship with a young man and also reaching a maturing understanding of her mother, "One Day The bubble burst for me, whatever the bubble is, that huge oily membrane shivering above my life,that sometimes I call love and sometimes dread". It's apt that this resolution is renderd in Nell's own use of poetic imagery and language that she wrests from her grandfather and his particular version of Irish literary culture. In coming to terms with Phil's inheritance and its impacts on her life, Nell begins to claim and assert her own poetic voice and form.
In the final few pages, Enright wonderfully pulls all this smart, literary contemplation out from under my feet, "The bird looks me in the eye - he seems to know this is the place to look at a human being - and I look back at him. And with that smart, held connection, the story I made up for him falls away. The bird is no one's servant."
I greatly admire the literary looking of 'The Wren The Wren' and believe it would be a worthy winner of this year's Women's Prize for Fiction.