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Reap the Whirlwind: Violence, Race, Justice, and the Story of Sagon Penn

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The bestselling author of Norco ’80 returns with a riveting story of mid-1980s San Diego that placed one young Black man at the center of a whirlwind of crime and punishment that profoundly altered Southern California

March 31, 1985. Two white patrol officers in search of a gang member followed a pickup truck carrying seven young Black men up a dirt driveway in the Encanto neighborhood of Southeastern San Diego. Minutes later, gunshots rang out, and the truck’s driver, Sagon Penn, fled the scene in an officer’s patrol car. The incident stunned the city. What followed would change it forever.

Penn was an idealist who believed in the power of Buddhist chants to bring about the oneness of humanity. The two police officers were rising stars in one of the most progressive police departments in the country, yet one that had suffered more officers killed in the line of duty than any other. While the facts of the case were never in dispute, what remained unresolved was what, if anything, could justify such a violent confrontation? For over two years, a determined prosecutor and a charismatic defense attorney engaged in a sensational courtroom drama that revolved around matters of mental health, racial biases, and the self-image of a once-sleepy beach town grappling with its transformation into a major metropolitan area. The Sagon Penn incident forever altered how San Diego would respond to incidents involving police and communities of color.

Based on court transcripts, personal interviews, and archival police reports, Reap the Whirlwind is a gripping true-crime narrative set against the evocative backdrop of Southern California.

432 pages, Hardcover

First published July 23, 2024

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About the author

Peter Houlahan

4 books84 followers

PETER HOULAHAN is an author, freelance writer, and book review contributor. His work has appeared in CrimeReadsSalonLos Angeles MagazinePolice1HearstLos Angeles Review of BooksThe Daily Mirror, and The Orange County Register. His first book, Norco ’80: The True Story of the Most Spectacular Bank Robbery in American History, was a finalist for an Edgar Allan Poe Award, the Hammett Prize, and a Macavity Award. The book has been chosen as a New York Times summer pick; a best book of the year by NPR, The Wall Street Journal, and Amazon; and a Gold Standard selection by the Junior Library Guild. Originally from Southern California, Houlahan now lives in Fairfield County, Connecticut.

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Displaying 1 - 14 of 14 reviews
Profile Image for Kathy.
437 reviews40 followers
July 24, 2024
The story of Sagon Penn is important for everyone to know, to study and to remember. ‘Reap the Whirlwind’ (what an appropriate title) is a good resource for some of us to revisit the events and for others to learn about it all for the first time. It is thoroughly researched and easy to read. Highly recommend. I received my copy via Goodreads Giveaways.
350 reviews4 followers
July 27, 2024
Thanks always Goodreads for allowing me to win this book. As an 83 year old, there has been racial violence as long as I can remember and it only accelerated as I became older. I don't know why people are the way they are; whatever happened to just living your life and letting other people live theirs.

I never really followed any of the cases and the fact that there was one young black man back in 1985 that admitted to killing a policeman and was found not guilty because he acted in self defense and that was proven in a trial. A witness who called 911 and reported police brutality that he saw right in front of his house testified in the trial.

There was so much in this book that told how things were then and we all know how things are today.
Profile Image for Dale Huntington.
48 reviews
July 29, 2024
For those seeking to understand the history of southeast San Diego, you must know this story. Another I’d suggest is “Baby Insane and the Buddha”
Even if you are not interested in SESD the courtroom shenanigans of Sagan’s lawyer is interesting enough.
Profile Image for Kelly.
265 reviews40 followers
April 18, 2025
With REAP THE WHIRLWIND, author Peter Houlahan pulls off what seems to be a rare feat these days - maintaining a high degree of objectivity while writing about a lightning rod case involving race and the police - leaving final judgment to the reader. I had never heard of the Sagon Penn case until picking up this book, after being very impressed with the author’s earlier book, NORCO ‘80. The facts of the Penn case are sad, the trial and jury deliberations/decisions are maddening and a little bewildering, and will leave some readers wrestling with the outcome. Ultimately I was completely engrossed in this story, and commend Houlahan for his well-researched, well-written, and fair treatment of this case. True crime addicts should put REAP THE WHIRLWIND on their TBR list. Definitely a 5-star effort.
Profile Image for Matthew.
200 reviews1 follower
June 12, 2025
The April 2025 day I went to the library to look up some good law enforcement books to read, I stumbled upon this book 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒑 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅. I knew NOTHING of the contents of this book, and I only took a cursory look inside the book to see what it was about. But from May 4th to May 29th which is the time period in which I read and then finished this book, I learned all I needed to know about one of if not the most famous case in San Diego County history. The case was so big in the 1985 to 1987 period that even the 𝘓𝘰𝘴 𝘈𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘛𝘪𝘮𝘦𝘴 covered it.

𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒑 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅 was about the police brutality used against San Diego resident Sagon Penn by two San Diego County Sheriffs on March 31, 1985, and the trial that came as a result of that incident. One cop was killed that day (Thomas Riggs) and the other (Donovan Jacobs) was shot in the neck and ran over by Penn as he trying to flee the scene in the patrol car that Riggs and Jacobs arrived on the scene in.

The book did its job in giving you a detailed look at a landmark and essential case that spoke of just how far away American law enforcement was in the 1980s from understanding and respecting Black and Brown residents that they were sworn to patrol. Author Peter Houlahan did some exhaustive research for his book not only to educate his readers, but as to cover his reputation and his behind in what is still a sensitive case all these 40 years later.

The book was written with an objective and here's the facts pen so to speak. Houlahan wasn't interested in praising or presenting Penn, Jacobs, Riggs, or the San Diego County Sheriffs as these without fault individuals or entities. Every single subject in this book whether it was Penn, Jacobs, Riggs, or the Sheriffs got their share of scrutiny and puncturing of their operations as people, public servants, or organizations. You cannot come away from this book and say that each character in the book wasn't presented objectively and fairly by Houlahan because if you didn't come away from this book thinking that then you didn't really read the book or understand it.

The book started off with an informative prologue which included the origins of San Diego up until the 1985 period. Being a native of San Diego I appreciated that part of the book. Then in chapter 1 the book dove into the Balboa Park situation where Penn and his buddies couldn't get into the Pepper Grove area of that vast park because it was closed, per the words of the security officer patrolling that area. There were actually open spaces to Penn and his buddies to chill at, but the security guy didn't budge. Man, if they would have just gone to that park much earlier in the day or that security officer was more accommodating then there wouldn't have been a 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒑 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅 book.

Then in the next chapter (2) you found out that a scary but daily occurrence in gang-infested neighborhoods would set off the events that would change Penn and his buddies lives as well as the lives of two deputies forever. That chapter will anger you and it will make you say to yourself, here's just another occurrence where America's (the law-abiding citizens that is) hatred for street gangs is warranted.

The book took off for me (and I'm pretty sure for anyone who has read this book) starting on page 27 in chapter 3 which is where the detailed and bit by bit description of the police brutality/homicide/attempted murder case began. That chapter was the first part of the book where you were given the chance to decide for yourself who was in the right and who was in the wrong in this case.

After chapter 3, I started wondering about police deaths and then boom, starting on page 79 (chapter 4) Houlahan put together two pages on San Diego police officers who were killed in the line of duty in the 1970s and early 1980s. But even after reading about those officer deaths I still feel like officers Jacobs and Riggs could have done better jobs in de-escalating the situation they had with Penn. During the incident, those two cops told him to shut up plenty of times, they used racial slurs, they beat him with their department issued PR-24 batons, AND they hit him with their fists. Like I said, even after reading about those officers' deaths, it was still hard for me to feel sorry for what eventually happened to Jacobs and Riggs that March 31st day.

As I said before, I applaud Houlahan's serious research for this book. On many pages in this book, Jacobs' conduct as a member of the San Diego Sheriff's Department came into focus. He had a past of using racial slurs, mistreating Black and Latino men that he had in police custody in the late 1970s and in the period (1980-1984) before the March 31st incident. This guy had a massive chip on his shoulder, and he took that chip with him every day he patrolled the streets of San Diego County.

When this Penn-Jacobs-Riggs homicide case went to trail in 1986 it was found in Jacobs' file that his superiors at the Sheriff's academy in 1978 (Jacobs' rookie or cadet year) saw that he had a penchant for using racial and homophobic slurs. His superiors back then knew what type of guy he was, but he was still passed through. But to the credit of one of his superiors, Sergeant Dick Bennett (page 295), he warned the cadet that if he didn't change his ways or how he treated people that he would create problems for himself, the public, and the Sheriff's Department. Turns out, Mr. Bennett was right on the money.

An interesting note on this book is that you'll find the backstory on why this book was given its title 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒑 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅 at the top of page 342. Just thought I would point that out because it's a unique and interesting title for a book.

You'll also learn in this book that Penn had a great defense attorney in Milt Silverman. His passion for this case and his client, plus his serious legal acumen was presented throughout this book, especially in parts 4 and 5 of the book.

One of the compelling parts of this book took place in part 5 of this book (chapter 42) which is where Houlahan wrote about the aftermath of the case or what the main characters in this book were doing with their lives after the case ended in 1987. As it turned out Penn was never free from this case, mentally or physically. His temper, usage of drugs, alcohol, and the way he treated the women in his life from the late 1980s and on, cost him dearly. Numerous verbal and physical dealings with the mother of his first child (daughter Brittany) resulted in numerous calls to the SDPD (by the mother), arrests, and so on. Penn was so destructive to himself in the late 1980s and early 1990s that either consistent incarceration and/or a certain death (he died in 2002) were on the horizon.

Pros of 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒑 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅: The author of the book did a heck of a job educating me and anyone else who read this book on a case that should have never happened in the first place. But if the Sagon Penn police brutality/homicide case wouldn't have ever happened then there be no 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒑 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅 or me getting a chance to experience the researching and storytelling talents of Peter Houlahan. This book kept me occupied and entertained every time I read it. Houlahan knew he had a huge responsibility to all the parties involved to tell a story in an unbiased, objective, and factual way and that was accomplished in my view.

Cons of 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒑 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅: I wonder why the author didn't bother (or maybe they didn't want to cooperate) to interview the families of Sagon Penn and officer Donovan Jacobs? The families could have given some serious background or perspectives on those two men (albeit a biased one).

In conclusion, 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒑 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅 is a must have book for true crime enthusiasts like myself. You have an unbiased view of the characters, excellent storytelling, facts, and more. 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒑 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅 was about more than a homicide/attempted murder/police brutality case, the book also served as a PSA on how police officers treat Black men, on the credibility of crime scene witnesses, and how street gangs are a constant nuisance. A gangbanger pulls a gun on a law-abiding citizen (a fellow Black man), an eyewitness in the neighborhood sees this incident and calls the police. In the police's haste to try to find this coward gangbanger, they end up instead pulling over a truck full of young Black men who had NOTHING to do with the stick-up. The young men and the two deputies who pulled up on these young men would have their lives altered forever. This book was well written but aside from that, the book's true crime story was a tragic one which had no winners except for maybe Penn's defense attorney (Silverman).
Profile Image for Laura Akers.
Author 5 books41 followers
September 5, 2024
March 1985
Sagon Penn is a 22 year old Buddhist trained in martial arts dropping his friends off after a day at the park.
The issue is everyone is Black and in Southeast San Diego.

When San Diego police officer Donovan Jacobs contacts Sagon, the soft-spoken young man doesn’t remove his driver’s license from a wallet. This non-compliance is escalated to a baton attack by Jacobs, joined by his backup, Officer Tom Riggs. After a vicious beating, Penn takes Jacob’s gun. In moments, Jacobs is shot, Riggs is dead, and a ride along is shot.

This book is meticulously researched and the detailing of events, the aftermath, and two trials that led to an acquittal of Penn make fascinating but disturbing reading. The obfuscation by many officers, the vilification of those attempting to tell the truth, and the brilliance of Milt Silverman, the defense attorney, made this a real page-turner.

As a former prosecutor, a real disappointment for me is that the one person who triggered an event that laid waste to numerous lives appears to lack self-awareness about his actions.

This is a must read for anyone interested in a pivotal moment in race relations in San Diego, CA. It’s a clear portrait of those trying to do the right thing during a time when speaking out about what occurred was a true act of courage.
1 review
October 5, 2024
Another great read by Peter Houlahan. I really enjoyed Reap the Whirlwind. I live in the San Diego region and I remember the Sagon Penn story, however, I obviously never knew ALL the details involved in this life changing event. The San Diego news stations were in their infancy and they were working with what they had at the time. I was very interested in this story and I am happy to have been able to clarify the details. I can remember many of the characters but never knew the depth of their involvement. Reep the Whirlwind was fascinating reading and filled in
the details of the horrific events that changed so many lives. Peter Houlahan did an excellent job of bringing all the facts into focus. I look forward to his next gripping book. He is a great writer for sure. I highly recommend Reep the Whirlwind.
Sincerely,
Sheila Fehrenbach
437 reviews18 followers
November 10, 2024
Fascinating amount of research and detail involved in recreating the trials of Sagon Penn. For fans of true crime books/podcasts, this is a must read about the dynamics between the San Diego Police Department and residents of the Southeast. The true entertainment comes from Milt Silverman whose trial theatrics are unparalleled. Silverman's ability to recreate the crime scene and give the jurors as close to a first person account of the interactions between police and Penn are things that are generally only seen on TV or the movies.

Mr. Houlahan is proving himself to be one the preeminent writers of nonfiction.
Profile Image for Star Gater.
1,872 reviews60 followers
August 23, 2024
Stars: 3.5

A lot of information with dates and names. This is more of an academic text than readable history account. At times I was overwhelmed with facts that took away from feeling empathy. Reap the Whirlwind documents with facts and opinions a sad day in America.


Goodreads Giveaway win. I will donate the book.
Profile Image for HayTinaLou.
187 reviews3 followers
September 9, 2024
Could not stop listening to, very detailed and informative case in Southern Cali in the 80’s. Highly recommend!
Profile Image for Paige.
343 reviews1 follower
September 29, 2024
4.5 stars for sure. Norton ‘80 was better paced and action packed, but this was still a gem of a book. This author is a must read!
Profile Image for Margy Sommer.
42 reviews3 followers
August 7, 2024
My longtime friend wrote this riveting, informative true crime novel that made my heart pound at the turn of a page, I highly recommend this illuminating true crime story that was VERY thoroughly researched so it contains fascinating minute details. This book is as excellent of a read as his previous true crime novel, a must-read, Norco 80. True crime is not usually my genre but this book fits the bill for an exciting excellent read.
Profile Image for Anna K.
57 reviews7 followers
January 29, 2025
I don’t understand why this book isn’t more well-known! GO READ IT! This was a huge historical event that was all over the news in it’s time but has been largely forgotten, and the author has researched it well and produced a well-rounded narrative from many perspectives.
Displaying 1 - 14 of 14 reviews

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