This title relates the terrible journey of Alexander Pearce, cannibal from Van Dieman's Land. Pearce and seven other convicts escaped from the prison settlement of Sarah Island in Macquarie Harbour, and nine weeks later he was the sole survivor. On the way, five of his companions had been killed and eaten by their fellows.
Paul Collins is an Australian religious author. Born in the then very working class suburb of Richmond in the city of Melbourne, Australia on 12 August 1940, Paul Collins is an historian, broadcaster and writer. His parents, Veronica and Michael Collins, ran corner shops that were ‘open all hours’. Educated in Catholic primary schools and at the Christian Brothers College, Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Collins entered the junior seminary of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart in 1956.
Professed as a religious in 1960 and ordained a Catholic priest in 1967, he served first (1968-1969) as a teacher at Downlands College in Toowoomba, Queensland. He then moved to the parish of Moonah in Hobart, Tasmania, where he was an assistant priest from 1970 to 1973. Moving to Sydney in 1974, he was appointed a lecturer (teaching church history and directing pastoral studies) at Saint Pauls National Seminary (1974-1977) in Kensington. From 1977 to1979 he was parish priest of Randwick in Sydney. He then went to Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts as a post graduate student (1979-1981), returning to Australia to work briefly as a research officer for the Catholic Social Welfare Commission (1981). He then returned to the United States as Deputy Director of Weber Center, Adrian, Michigan, where he taught theology, church history and ministry. He also briefly taught theology at Saint Cyril and Methodius Seminary in Orchard Lake, Michigan.
In 1984 Collins began full time studies for a Ph.D. in history at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia, graduating in 1989. He published his first book Mixed Blessings (Penguin) in 1986 while at the ANU and briefly taught Australian History at the University of Papua New Guinea in 1987. He has a Masters degree in theology (Th.M.) from Harvard University, and a Doctorate in Philosophy (Ph.D) in early Australian history from the ANU, and is a Fellow of Trinity College of Music, London in Speech and Drama.
For almost a decade from January 1988 he worked full-time in varying capacities in TV and radio with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. From 1993 to 1996 he was Specialist Editor Religion for the ABC. He also acted as co-ordinator of Radio National in Melbourne and for a brief period was acting-general manager of Radio National. For the first three years of the ABC TV program Compass (it began in 1988) Collins acted as a presenter, interviewer and commentator. From 1990 to 1995 he was the presenter of the program Insights on Radio National. He has also presented and participated in many programs on all ABC networks.
Between 2004 and 2006 Collins worked on a contract basis for the ABC presenting Sunday Spectrum on Sunday mornings on ABC TV. Some 150 episodes of this half-hour in-studio interview program were produced covering ethical, religious, faith and spirituality issues.
Since leaving the ABC full-time, he has continued to be called on as a commentator on Catholic affairs, the papacy, the Vatican, as well as environmental and population issues on ABC Radio and TV, SBS television and radio (where he acted as lead commentator on SBS Radio during World Youth Day in Sydney in 2008), the BBC, PBS in the United States, NHK Japan, and Danish and New Zealand TV, Sky TV News, as well as many commercial TV and radio stations in Australia. Collins covered the death of Pope John Paul II in April 2005, and from Rome the election of Benedict XVI as an English-speaking expert for many media outlets across the world.
He has written regularly for most of Australia’s leading newspapers and magazines, as well as for the London Tablet, The National Catholic Reporter in the United States and for several magazines in Germany and Aust
Hell's Gates focuses on the story of Irish convict Alexander Pearce, transported to Van Diemen's Land, as the Australian state Tasmania was known as until 1856. Transported to Sarah Island in the isolated Macquarie Harbour as a place of secondary punishment, Pearce and seven other convicts attempt to escape and face the inhospitable and near impassable Tasmanian wilderness. Starving and unable to find food, they resorted to cannibalism until Pearce was the only survivor.
It's hard for me to know how to rate this. It is a fascinating read and author Paul Collins' writing style is immensely readable and easy to follow. Collins also provides a lot of context on the convict system in Van Diemen's Land and the various personalities, such as the Reverend Knopwood, and the descriptions of the environment Pearce traversed is well detailed, allowing the true difficulty of his journey to feel real and vivid. There is also a delicate balance reached – the horror of cannibalism is fully sketched out, but never given in gruesome detail. The story itself is – if you'll forgive the unintentional pun – easy to devour.
But. The amount of the context Collins provides does feel unnecessary and has the unfortunate effect of making the book feel long-winded in parts. As Hell's Gates is a short book – not even 300 pages long – some of this extraneous information does feel a little like padding or the author wanting to discuss something only loosely related to his main subject. I did find a lot of the material in the "personal postscript" fascinating, but I did wonder at its placing in a book about the brutality of the convict system and the brutal methods convicts adopted to escape it.
But. At times I found Collins' writing style a little... too personal for a writer of historical non-fiction? It might because I had it hammered in my head at school that when writing essays etc, I should never, under pain of death, use first person to express my opinion. Collins does this. And then he comes to the conclusion that Pearce was a psychopath. My understanding is that the term "psychopath" – like the term "sociopath" – is outdated and not used by mental health professionals, so there's an obvious issue here. Additionally – yes, what Pearce did was horrendous and I have no doubt he was a terrible person who was mentally unhinged, but there is something I find unsettling about so quick to slap a label on someone who Collins never met and who died 178 years before Hell's Gates was published.
But. While I appreciated Collins' attempts to recreate and reconstruct events in an easily accessible, entertaining and relatable way, I was reminded of issues I had with other historical non-fiction books such as Cleopatra: A Life and The Woman Who Would Be King, in that it presents what is effectively fiction as fact. These figures from history may have felt that particular emotion or thought that particular thought, but unless you can back it up with solid evidence, don't state it as an objective fact.
But. My final issue with Hell's Gates is a big one for historical non-fiction: sourcing. Collins does provide a lengthy note section, but only discusses his sources in a broad way. There was something I read about and thought, "okay, I want to know where this particular detail comes from so I check it out myself", but couldn't actually pinpoint the source, much less work out if I would even able to get access to it.
So despite the sheer 'readability' of the book, I found myself unable to rate it highly because, to my eyes, it fails to be a reliable history book.
I knew a moderate amount about Alexander Pearce prior to reading this book purely because I spent two years of my life researching colonial Van Diemen's Land - particularly under George Arthur. So this was, in some ways, a strangely satisfying visit to 1820s Van Diemen's Land with plenty of old friends turning up - George Arthur, Robert Knopwood, John Helder Wedge, Joseph Tice Gellibrand.
Anyway. There's a fair amount of speculation involved in the telling of the story, purely because we don't know exactly where Pearce and co travelled on the journey, and various tellings of the story have been lost over the years, leaving potentially biased or exaggerated version of the story in their place.
Pearce was definitely an interesting character, and this gave me a fuller insight into both the horrors he committed and the horrors he experienced. But at the same time, I almost wanted this to lean HARDER into the more horrific aspects of the story than it did. You know? He was a freaking CANNIBAL. Make me horrified.
I've been trying to remember the first time I heard about Alexander Pearce. Certainly it wasn't in my schooldays, when Australia's convict past was glossed over quite quickly in our history classes. I think it was probably when I got to university, where one of my new friends introduced me to the music of Weddings Parties Anything and specifically their song A Tale They Won't Believe, which deals with this macabre and tragic snippet of Australian history (and is well worth listening to).
In my reading life since then I have come across mentions of Pearce's exploits from time-to-time, but this is the first book I have read that specifically deals with Pearce. Written by someone with an interest in Tasmanian history, Collins (who is also a Roman Catholic priest) was initially drawn to this story through the landscape of South West Tasmania. What he and many other people see these days as a beautiful wilderness, the original white settlers and convicts saw as a harsh and dangerous landscape that should be tamed as much as possible. The very country that Collins and his friends traversed with joy led Pearce and his fellow escapees to murder and cannibalism. The moral revulsion that Collins and others feel about such acts was also something that he wanted to explore... what drove these convicts to this ultimate end?
Drawing on much contemporary material (there is a good bibliographic essay at the end of the book, but unfortunately no index), Collins describes Pearce's journey from Ireland to Australia, and the conditions for convicts in Tasmania on his arrival. While most people might think that convicts spent their time in leg-irons, working on chain-gangs and spending each night in a cell, for many life could be very different. Pearce was assigned to a free settler north of Hobart, where he worked for a time as a shepherd. Many other convicts undertook similar roles, helping to build the colony: if their behaviour was acceptable they could hope to earn a ticket-of-leave before the end of their sentence and start to begin life as a free person.
Unfortunately for Pearce his behaviour was far from acceptable: originally transported for theft, his nefarious deeds continued in Tasmania, absconding from service and forging documents leading him to receive a sentence of lashes and an order to be sent to a "place of secondary punishment".
When your whole colony is effectively a prison, what do you do with those prisoners that will not or cannot toe the line? You could build some kind of "supermax" prison, but that costs a lot of money, something His Majesty's Government was not prepared to do. Lieutenant Governor Sorrell came with an ingenious solution: send the recalcitrant prisoners to Macquarie Harbour in the South West of Tasmania, where they could be employed cutting down the great stands of Huon Pine, an excellent shipbuilding timber. It was a harsh and brutal experience; escape was deemed impossible, with hundreds of kilometres of trackless wilderness between the convict barracks on Sarah Island and the settled parts of the colony.
Collins makes clear that Pearce was not only a criminal, but impulsive and violent at times. It was certainly an impulsive act to join the escape led by Robert Greenhill. With no planning and only the small amount of food they had on them at the time, they proceeded into the rainforest that surrounded the penal settlement with only a vague idea of where they were headed. The going was extremely hard, the escapees had little food, and after months of harsh conditions at Macquarie Harbour they were not in peak physical condition to start with.
Greenhill, the de-facto leader of the group (as an ex-sailor he was the only one with navigation skills, and he took control of the one axe they had) broached the subject of killing and eating one of the party, mentioning the custom of shipwrecked sailors as a precedent. Dalton was the first to be killed, and the group then spent the next weeks in a hell of starvation, physical distress and paranoia. Two members of the group decided to turn back and surrender (they did make it back, but died of exhaustion soon after) and slowly the others were killed and devoured, until only Greenhill and Pearce remained. Pearce killed Greenhill before eventually reaching the fringe of the settled area, where he took up with some other convicts before he was captured soon after. He told his tale to his captors, who didn't believe him: they thought he was creating a cover story for his fellow escapees so that the authorities wouldn't search for them. Pearce was sent back to Macquarie Harbour.
While there are a few versions of Pearce's tale extant, it is well to remember that they all come from Pearce himself, and he was always careful to exclude himself from any acts of killing (apart from Greenhill, which he claimed was an act of self-defence). We will never know what truly went on between those men during their time in the bush, and how much Pearce was involved in the decisions to kill and cannibalize the others.
What is known is that not long after his return to Macquarie Harbour he absconded again with a young convict Cox, whom he killed in a fit of rage after learning that Cox couldn't swim, dismembering and eating part of him before continuing his escape with the remainder of Cox's body as provision. For some reason his courage failed him and he returned and got himself apprehended. His previous exploits were well-known on Sarah Island, and having been found with a piece of Cox's flesh in his pocket, this time his story was believed. He was hanged in Hobart several months later (pedant alert - another quibble with Collins - he continually uses the term hung to describe hangings - animals are hung, people are hanged).
Collins has written a comprehensive account - some may think too comprehensive. The final twenty-six page chapter is a "Personal Postscript" which discusses the destruction of Lake Pedder, the tragic history of the Tasmanian Aborigines and Collins' speculation on whether it was the tribulation of his escape that drove Pearce to madness, or whether it was the privations of life as a convict, or whether it was his upbringing in Ireland that was to blame.
I imagine it was probably a combination of factors that led Pearce to his tragic end, and to being one small piece in the unbelievable story of Australian history. This book is not a bad way to find out more about him.
A grim read about a group of prison escapees and what they did to survive in the rainforests of Van Diemen's Land, with wild food all around them. Gives the reader quite a clear glimpse into the lives prisoners faced when they were transported to the Antipodes. The role of the native tribespeople in the debacle was frankly hilarious.
The book was suprisingly entertaining, if you are interested in stories about people enduring inhuman challenges. The author comes across as more of an historian than a fiction writer, but the writing style suits the story. In addition to a story that definitly is worth getting told the background of irish convicts settling in australia is quite fascinating.
An interesting and incredibly well researched book about the journey that Alexander Pearce and his motley band of fellow convicts made though the back-country of Tazzy in the 1800's. Lots of facts for those interested in that side of history. Much like the book I read about the Donner party last year, I prefer books that are a blend of fact and fiction, wiremen in the style of a fictional narrative. However, I still enjoyed reading this.
ive read the sprod and consequently i guess all of the primary sources on alexander pearce and paul collins i will be emailing you about your claim that alexander pearce had gay sex with thomas cox.
Incredibly well-researched, really enjoyed learning more about convict life in Tasmania. But, it DRAGGED. And I think that’s because the chapters were never-ending. I’m exhausted and might be in a reading slump.