Nick Thorpe journeyed up the Danube to write this book, commenting that all the other travellers and writers he met or heard of did it the other way, downstream. There’s something quirky about our author and guide, choosing to travel against the flow and then spending too long at the starting line, in the Dobragean marshland on the Black Sea coast, a muddy and windswept sort of spot with hardly anybody living there. The main characters here are the winged, the webbed and the finned, with the sturgeon at centre stage. There used to be an abundance of this fine big fish with its expensive eggs, and now there isn’t. As we continue upstream, the story of the sturgeon is never far away – monster specimens caught in the past, the problems (for fish) of dams built and river meanders made straight. By the time we get to Austria, the caviar is imported from Russia. The magnificent sturgeon becomes during the book a sort of symbol for the river itself: when the river is restored to full health, we feel, the sturgeon will be abundant once more.
If Thorpe wears an ecologist’s cap in the wetlands, he swops it for a historian’s hat in the dry, comfortable among Dacians and Thracians, Celts and Romans, Huns and Turks as well as the warring nations of the modern age. The histories start with an old pot at the museum or an inscription on the church wall or a fort overlooking a riverside town, then streak off into this era or that before returning to the river. ‘My river’, Thorpe is calling it at the end of the book. He loves its fish, fishermen, fishing boats and fish soup, its bush willows and black poplars, its swallows and sedge warblers, its gorges and marshes, and all of the history, art and poetry that belongs to it.
What a river to fall in love with! Close on three thousand kilometers long, with seven riverine nations, four capital cities (Belgrade, Budapest, Bratislava,Vienna) with Bucharest and Zagreb a stone’s throw away, for centuries the main east-west artery for the carriage of gold, salt, iron ore, grain and, according to one archaeologist, once home to the prehistoric civilization that gave birth to the legend of Atlantis.
By boat, by bike, by car and on foot, Thorpe makes his way northward and westward, talking to everyone and listening to their stories. Seeing a line of women harvesting paprika in a Serbian field, he does what few others would do and hops over to have a word. How do you know when paprika is ripe … why are some of them different colours … what do you like about this work? The answer to the last question is splendid: ‘The work itself! Whoever likes to work finds their pleasure in it. Those who don’t like labour won’t find pleasure in anything, anyway.’ The homespun philosophy recalls the old humanitarian-socialist viewpoint that underpins the whole book. It’s this that makes the communist period a tragedy rather than simply a foreign invasion.
Thorpe was based in Hungary and working in Eastern Europe during the violent dissolution of Yugoslavia, writing for London newspapers and reporting for the BBC. Recollections of that time surface here and there in The Danube – entering a Belgrade restaurant with John Simpson in July 1999, to be greeted by the shouted remark from the corner table: ‘Simpson is here. War is inevitable!’, or coming to nocturnal roadblocks where drinking too much plum brandy with the armed guards was an obligatory rite of passage for journalists. Thorpe was also in the Balkans during the last years of the communist tyrannies, characterized by the same ‘lock-jawed brutality’ as the Nazis. Attempting to get an interview with Ceaucescu in 1988, he is told by the Romanian press secretary in Belgrade: ‘The President is not in the habit of granting interviews in a cell at Otopeni airport. Because that is as far as you will get if you ever try to visit our country again.’
Throughout the book, there’s a sense of relief and optimism at the demise of the Eastern Bloc, tempered with an unease at what’s replaced it – the greedy excesses of private enterprise, the gentrification of earthy working-class areas, the madcap scheme that the young Slovakia inherited from the Czechoslovak communists to re-route the Danube. The two huge dams, the 30 km stretch of newly-engineered canal and the vast electricity-generating programme became a prestige project for the Slovakian government-to-be, despite the warnings of their own scientists of the impact on the river’s ‘vast underwater aquifer’ that had taken thousands of years to form. In October 1992, the river was duly diverted. ‘In a matter of days, the great bed of the Danube, or rather the labyrinth of beds through which it flowed, dried up.’ The full repercussions of this act, it seems, are yet to be properly understood.
By the time this episode is recounted, the reader is likely to have learned from the writer a respectful affection for the greatest of European rivers. If not quite a Nile (which is well over twice as long), it’s a Ganges certainly, one of those broad and ancient arteries around which the populous world has based its settled occupations and beliefs. In the introduction, referring to the completion of his two thousand, seven hundred kilometer journey, he writes: ‘I now carry the whole river within me.’ You might detect a hint of hyperbole here, until you see for yourself the very personal nature of Thorpe’s travels and his account of them. The sound of birdsong plays as great a role as the clash of arms, there’s more ecological concern than political comment, as much poetry as commerce. We become accustomed to rising early with this traveller, climbing a hill to get another view of the river or explore an ancient site, enjoying a morning dip in a too-strong current, boarding another ferry and knowing that we’re going to hear the ferryman’s life story.
There’s evidence of a real skill at work to get so many people to talk freely and enagagingly about their lives. Some are museum curators or field ecologists or boat captains, some are blown in by fierce winds from Chechnya or Bosnia, a few are immigrants from Turkey, including the likeable tailor of Ulm (‘We Alter and Repair All Items’), who was distracted by other customers while sewing a crucial button on Thorpe’s trousers, sat him down, drew the curtain on him and forgot him. How long did he sit politely waiting? One hour, two? Our writer is a patient, unhurried, courteous guide, leading us through the complexities of the river’s commerce, the campaigns of the Roman legions, the conjectures of archaeologists about the Vinça culture, the nature of the Ottoman regime, and the affiliations and hostilities of a region with more than its share of political turbulence. There’s always time for a fish soup (complete with recipe), a beer in the sunshine, a driftwood fire on the river bank, or a chat with the forgetful tailor of Ulm.