In his book "Left Wing Melancholia", Enzo Traverso attempts to delineate the situation of the current left, and how it was shaped by a long history of defeats and, by extension, melancholic ideologues. The book begins by speaking of the demise of utopias, and how the mere mention of such a term has become unimaginable in many leftist circles. He then proceeds to speak of the demise of the Marxist dream, and how that demise was portrayed in paintings, film, and photography; hence perpetuating in the art scene. He spends some time discussing Pontecorvo specifically, whom he considered the "filmmaker of glorious defeats". After that, Traverso proceeds to describe the Bohemian spirit of the left, the type of uncontrolled liberation, and how it was manifested/perceived in Marx, Courbet, Benjamin, Trotsky, and the left as a whole; and proceeds to speak of it not only as a lovey-dovey liberatory movement, but also as one which might produce fascism and oppression. He contrasts the free Bohemian spirit with the constricted Parisian spirit. The book later proceeds to speak of Marx's view of history, how it is, and how it was to develop; with an analysis of several reading of Marx. Then the book ends with two chapters which deal with Walter Benjamin, one focusing on his relationship to Adorno, and another on his reading by Bensaid, and the disagreements which arose from the latter regarding the former.
The book falls in the middle of the leftist landscape, one ruled by the extremes of Marx's "Workers of the world, unite", and Zizek's "workers of the world, just sit and think". Traverso calls the reader to ruminate on the past, and then to attempt to organize based on that for future movements. Hence, he focused on the dialectic between Benjamin's messianic vision of history, and Bensaid's view of the absence of redemption, which tends to breed the type of melancholia witnessed in most circles today.
Traverso, in his book, aimed at describing the evolution of the dominant mood of the left. To do so, he indulges in a psychoanalytical and cultural study of the left. Hence, the reader of the book can examine the historical development of the left, as elaborated on based on the framework laid out in the first two chapters. However, one problem of the book is that Traverso rarely systematically makes a point. In addition to that, he references too many essays, films, and pictures, and as such, makes it tough for the average reader to follow throughout certain chapters. In addition to that, some chapters of the book, like the chapter on Bohemia, did not fully serve the purpose of the elaboration on melancholy. It more of gave a historical view of competing spirits in the left and their potential than anything else.
Much of the notion of melancholia in the book is extracted from Freud, who differentiated between melancholia and mourning in considering that while mourning may end up in letting go of the lost one, melancholia breeds more and more attachment, along with an extensive idealization of that lost one. One could argue, however, the for the left, it was not utopia that was lost, as it never was. It was the very reverse of melancholia, perhaps hope, which was lost. Hence, Traverso's assumption that the Left lost its utopias is not accurate. The left lost the hope of utopias. In which case, if the term melancholia is to be used, what is that which is idealized?
One important point in the development of the book is its view of the absence of a utopia. Traverso quotes Furet stating:
"The idea of another society has become almost impossible to conceive of, and no one in the world today is offering any advice on the subject or even trying to formulate a new concept. Here we are, condemned to live in the world as it is."
The following text echoes Felski's notion of the anti-normative normativity, how rejection has become the primary stance intellectuals take when dealing with anything. Traverso explains the historicity of this narrative, a long history of defeats is bound to produce the lack of exit. A revolutionary spirit crushed so well can only proceed in the form of despair.
The book examines deeply the concept of a telos for history, and attempts to view the fall of that very concept as a cause for the melancholia developed by the left. Traverso view telos as the cause of hope for the revolutionaries, and states that it fell with their fall. However, he himself does not fall into the hopelessness of Bensaid, and in prescribing to hope, he recreates the cycle of telos which will cause the extension of melancholy with a subsequent failure once more.
Of course, the book is not only a piece of theory, as it is lively manifested in the Arab spirit after the Arab spring. The rise of Sisi and the destruction of Syria not only destroyed the revolutionary spirit once present, but also destroyed the hope of any way out. Looking at the current political reality, along with rise of neo-Nazism and neo-fascism, not to mention the election of Trump, the melancholy of the Arab world echoes the melancholy of the left wing.
The book in general is on point, and describes well the left as a whole in order to speak of its pervasive present melancholia. While Traverso attempts to escape it, the general mood of the book does not. His final words, attempting to draw a possible utopia, fall short from the overall description of the book. However, the book is helpful for anyone wanting to see the psychological development of the Left.