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تاریخ آلمان از ۱۹۱۴: ملت تقسیم‌شده

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این کتاب به بررسی تاریخ آلمان از سال ۱۹۱۴ تا سال ۲۰۲۰ می‌پردازد و نشان می‌دهد که چگونه این کشور از یک امپراتوری قدرتمند و متمرکز، به یک جمهوری ضعیف و متلاشی و سپس به یک دیکتاتوری وحشتناک و متجاوز و درنهایت به یک کشور تقسیم‌شده و دوباره متحدشده تبدیل شد. این کتاب با استفاده از منابع متنوع و مستند، رویدادها، شخصیت‌ها، ایدئولوژی‌ها، فرهنگ‌ها و جامعه‌های مختلفی را که در تاریخ آلمان نقش داشته‌اند، مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار می‌دهد.
این کتاب با نگاهی تاریخی و انتقادی به آلمان، از مباحث مختلفی مانند سیاست، اقتصاد، اجتماع، فرهنگ، هنر، ادبیات، علم، فلسفه، دین، جنگ، صلح، ملی‌گرایی، دموکراسی، فاشیسم، کمونیسم، اتحادیه اروپا و چالش‌های معاصر می‌گوید. این کتاب به شما نشان می‌دهد که چگونه آلمان در قرن بیستم و بیست‌ویکم نقش و تأثیری مهم بر دیگر کشورهای اروپا و جهان داشته و چگونه با تحولات و تغییرات زمانه سازگار شده است.
این کتاب یک اثر علمی و آموزنده است که به شما کمک می‌کند تا بیشتر با تاریخ آلمان و جایگاه آن در تاریخ اروپا و جهان آشنا شوید. این کتاب به شما نشان می‌دهد که چگونه تاریخ آلمان یک تاریخ پر از افتخار و شکست، امید و ناامیدی، تنش و همکاری، تقسیم و اتحاد است. این کتاب همچنین به شما کمک می‌کند تا با نقد و ارزیابی تاریخ آلمان، توانایی‌ها و محدودیت‌های آن را بشناسید و از آن به عنوان یک ابزار برای بررسی و تفسیر آثار تاریخی و هنری استفاده کنید.

584 pages, Hardcover

First published July 2, 1992

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About the author

Mary Fulbrook

42 books37 followers
Mary Jean Alexandra Fulbrook (née Wilson) is a British academic, historian and author. Since 1995, she has been Professor of German History at University College London. She is a noted researcher in a wide range of fields, including religion and society in early modern Europe, the German dictatorships of the twentieth century, Europe after the Holocaust, and historiography and social theory.

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Profile Image for Maziyar Yf.
818 reviews631 followers
December 28, 2024
کتاب تاریخ آلمان از 1914 ، ملت تقسیم شده کتابی ایست از ماری فولبروک ، نویسنده و تاریخ نگار انگلیسی . او در این کتاب با نگاهی دقیق، تحولات سیاسی، اجتماعی ، فرهنگی و هنری آلمان را از آغاز جنگ جهانی اول تا آلمان معاصر بررسی کرده.
فولبروک به بررسی چندین دوره مهم و تأثیرگذار در تاریخ آلمان پرداخته که هر یک نقش مهمی در شکل‌گیری وضعیت کنونی این کشور ایفا کرده‌اند . همچنین او تأثیرات جنگ جهانی اول و دوم بر جامعه آلمان و پیامدهای آن را هم شرح داده .
کتاب شامل تحلیل‌های دقیق درباره رویدادهای کلیدی تاریخی، از جمله جنگ جهانی اول، دوره جمهوری وایمار، نازیسم و جنگ جهانی دوم و تأثیرات آن بر آلمان پس از جنگ می‌شود. فولبروک در این اثر، سعی دارد تا نه تنها رویدادهای تاریخی را بیان کند بلکه تأثیرات اجتماعی و فرهنگی آن‌ها را نیز بررسی نماید.
دوره‌های تاریخی :

1 - جنگ جهانی اول (1914-1918)
فولبروک کتاب خود را با بررسی زمینه‌ها و رویدادهای آغازین جنگ جهانی شروع کرده و سپس به به تحلیل تاثیراقتصادی، اجتماعی و سیاسی این جنگ بر آلمان پرداخته. اما آثار این جنگ به ویژه در زمینه بحران‌های انسانی و اقتصادی را باید موضوع اصلی در این بخش دانست.
2- جمهوری وایمار (1919-1933)
پس از پایان جنگ، فولبروک به تأسیس جمهوری وایمار و چالش‌های آن نظیر بحران اقتصادی، نارضایتی‌های اجتماعی و رشد حزب نازی پرداخته. این دوره که بیشتر با درگیری‌های سیاسی و تظاهرات خیابانی و کودتا شناخته می‌شود که در نهایت به سبب مجموعه ای از عوامل به پایان جمهوری وایمار و ظهور نازیسم منجر شد .
3- دوران نازیسم (1933-1945)
کتاب در ادامه به دوره قدرت‌گیری هیتلر و حزب نازی پرداخته و سیاست‌های سرکوبگرانه و جنگ طلبانه دولت نازی را بررسی کرده. تحولات جنگ جهانی دوم و تأثیرات آن بر آلمان نیز به اختصار مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته .
4- آلمان پس از جنگ جهانی دوم (1945 -1990)
این قسمت به تجزیه آلمان به دو بخش شرقی و غربی و پیامدهای آن پرداخته و به روند بازسازی و ایجاد آلمان‌های شرقی و غربی پس از جنگ می‌پردازد. نویسنده تاریخ هر دو کشور آلمان غربی و آلمان شرقی پس از جنگ دوم و ساخت دیوار برلین از جهات مختلفی مانند اقتصاد ، سیاست ، بهداشت ، آموزش ، نظامی و حتی زیست محیطی بررسی کرده . فولبروک هم چنین نقش بسیار مهم دو آلمان در جنگ سرد را شرح داده است . فروپاشی دیوار برلین ، فرآیند اتحاد مجدد آلمان در سال 1990 ، روند تغییرات در شرق آلمان و غرب آلمان پس از اتحاد هم از دیگر موضوعات مهمی ایست که فولبروک به آنها پرداخته.
5- آلمان معاصر (پس از 1990)
کتاب در نهایت به تحولات آلمان در دوره پس از اتحاد مجدد پرداخته و چالش‌ها و موفقیت‌های این کشور در مسیر تبدیل شدن به یک قدرت اقتصادی و سیاسی در اروپا را تحلیل می‌کند . این بخش کتاب به اختصار روند قدرت گرفتن آنگلا مرکل به عنوانی سیاستمداری از شرق آلمان و دوران 16 ساله صدارت او و سپس با کناره گیری مرکل از قدرت به پایان می رسد .
مشکل کتاب فولبروک را باید مختصر بودن آن دانست . برای نمونه قسمت جمهوری وایمار و دوران آلمان نازی را می توان به صورت کامل در ظهور و سقوط رایش سوم ، شاهکار بی بدیل ویلیام شایرر خواند . طولانی ترین بخش کتاب او آلمان پس از جنگ است که او تاریخ آلمان غربی در زمان آدنائر ، لودویگ ارنهارد ، هلموت اشمیت ، ویلی برانت ، دورانی که آلمان از یک کشور نابود شده ، دوباره به یک قدرت اقتصادی مهم تبدیل شد را بررسی کرده . فولبروک همین بررسی را در آلمان شرقی و دوران والتر اولبریخت و سپس اریش هونکر انجام داده .
در پایان کتاب تاریخ آلمان از 1914 را باید نگاهی کوتاه به تاریخ کشوری دانست که دو بار نابود شد اما ققنوس وار از میان خاکستر خود برخاست و تبدیل به کشوری الگو و نمونه تقریبا در تمام زمینه ها شد . اما کلام فولبروک این این فراز و نشیب باور نکردنی را نشان نمی دهد .
کتاب او شرح بی حال و کم رمقی ایست از مجموعه ای از حوادث و تحلیل چگونگی آن ها . فولبروک، به‌طور کلی، تاریخ را به‌عنوان یک سلسله رویدادها و تحولات پیش برده، بدون اینکه ارتباطات انسانی و عواطف نهفته در این وقایع را به تصویر بکشد.
کتاب فولبروک همان تاریخی ایست که از آن فراریم ، خشک و بی روح
Profile Image for Martin.
795 reviews63 followers
October 2, 2015
The book is well-written, informative, and - best of all - accessible. For a brief, yet thorough overview of German history from 1918 to 2014, this book has more than met my expectations.

The first 110 pages cover the book's introduction and the period form 1918 to 1945; the next 170 pages are devoted to the 1945-1990 period; and then finally 38 pages cover the 1990-2014 period & the wrap-up.

Above all, I really liked the author's even-handed approach, giving equal exposure (and also fair & equal criticism/analysis) to both the FRG (West Germany) and the GDR (East Germany), going over the positive and less-than-positive aspects of each. I really came away with a much better knowledge and understanding of twentieth century German history.

Recommended for armchair historians, germanophiles, and other people who would like to improve their knowledge of twentieth century history.
Profile Image for Phillip.
245 reviews16 followers
August 19, 2018
Some of the reviews on the back of the book called this a textbook. Not sure if it was intended as a traditional textbook in colleges, high schools, or what. Anyway, I enjoyed reading this "textbook" of sorts and was overwhelmed by the information. (Information overload!) Most survey history courses don't get in to the details of what actually happened in Germany since it's foundation. This one did, and I'm sure there was even more information the author could have used. The only reason why I rated this book a four was because I wasn't fully prepared for the kind of book I was in store for by reading it. Definitely recommend it!
5 reviews
March 30, 2010
As an attempt to fill in the post-world wars european history that my classes never taught, I found this a good introductory history of the period. While I did occasionally lose which political party abbreviation was which, the coverage of both germanies was a nice change from the normal 'oh, there was also East Germany.' I would have preferred deeper coverage of the occupation period and the post-reunification period, but, obviously, that's a bit recent for a in depth description even in the second edition. All in all, a useful book and relatively quick read.
Profile Image for Nabeel Tahir.
10 reviews18 followers
March 23, 2015
Gives great insight into how the history of Germany shaped its future. The book was able to answer many of my questions regarding post war Germany specifically related to the events that lead to creation of two different German States and the circumstances that lead to East Germany's downfall.
Moreover, A balanced approach without taking any sides elucidating the advantages and disadvantages of both political systems in their respective countries.
Profile Image for Mesoscope.
614 reviews351 followers
December 22, 2017
A brief survey of modern German history. I'm moderately disappointed in this book. Despite the title, it's overwhelmingly concerned with the events between 1933 and 1989, and therefore the problems with which it is centrally preoccupied are decades old, while more recent, compelling issues of great historical importance are hardly mentioned. I can recall a single reference to the EU, which does not even appear in the book's index - far less do we get any mention whatsoever, say, of Germany's reaction to the sovereign debt crisis, or its close relationship with France.

I would also rather have preferred Fulbrook spend significantly more time on the facts, then on what she takes to be the meaning of the facts. Historiographical accounts are often brief sketches offered between long digressions analyzing higher-level interpretive questions.
Profile Image for Ashton.
160 reviews2 followers
August 20, 2020
I read this book for my undergraduate thesis and have gained so much valuable information about Germany!
Profile Image for Joelle Lewis.
551 reviews12 followers
January 10, 2020
Joelle Reads Her Bookcase #3 (405 pages)

This book was written in the early 90's, which means that Germany had just been reunited. I like reading history books from the 90's, because the perspective is different; it's more relevant.

The author can be repetitive at times, but I found it to be very factual. There wasn't any drama; she didn't ascribe motives and sentiments to people. It is worth noting that not all Germans were rabid Nazis. Also, not all Nazis were gung-ho party believers. Some joined simply because it was what they figured they had to do to keep their place in society. Fulbrook does not excuse them for allowing the atrocities that happened - they all had the knowledge - but she doesn't assume that all Germans were vicious, hate filled cretins as some history books I've read have. Also, anti-Semitism was not unique to Germany; it was a European problem. (Actually, it was, and still is, an international problem). Hitler simply had the charisma to capitalize on it.

Both West and East Germany are parelled, and the different factors that each contributed to the governing and lifestyle are documented. It was interesting to see East Germany detailed: when you learn beyond the Western stereotypes, life isn't always cut and dried.
576 reviews
April 4, 2019
Not only is this an excellent text for a class on Modern Germany, but it is also a much-needed reality check and a good reminder for those that lived through the post-war period. Memory is a fickle thing and Ms. Fulbrook does a fine job of treating the two Germanys to a close and fair inspection. Much time is spent on Weimar and the Third Reich because they are inextricably linked with what solutions are sought by the two sides and what role they will play in unification. It should be mandatory reading for anyone interested in the Cold War era.
Profile Image for Greg.
568 reviews14 followers
August 21, 2022
Quite a good overview of Germany in the 20th century. The coverage of world war 2 was very brief but unavoidable in such a short book covering the whole 20th century. The coverage of life in post war East Germany was very interesting including the comparisons between East and West Germany. The last chapter which summaries the whole century was also very good.
Profile Image for Caroline.
24 reviews
April 23, 2020
My edition (third edition) goes from 1918 through 2008. I read this in college to supplement a class called A History of Germany Through Film. It was one of the first history books I ever took the time to read front to back and not just skim over.
Profile Image for lorelei.
82 reviews
December 31, 2025
Another book for a class that turned out to be captivating! Read a different edition that was 1918-2020
Profile Image for Mesoscope.
614 reviews351 followers
December 19, 2017
A brief survey of modern German history. I'm moderately disappointed in this book. Despite the title, it's overwhelmingly concerned with the events between 1933 and 1989, and therefore the problems with which it is centrally preoccupied are decades old, while more recent, compelling issues of great historical importance are hardly mentioned. I can recall a single reference to the EU, which does not even appear in the book's index - far less do we get any mention whatsoever, say, of Germany's reaction to the sovereign debt crisis, or its close relationship with France.

I would also rather have preferred Fulbrook spend significantly more time on the facts, then on what she takes to be the meaning of the facts. Historiographical accounts are often brief sketches offered between long digressions analyzing higher-level interpretive questions.
Profile Image for Panz.
181 reviews
May 21, 2016
A good book to catch up on a hundred years of German history. Felt longer than it should be. Good for chapter specific reading and getting a good grasp of a decade of important events, one decade at a time
3 reviews
May 12, 2008
My obsession with post-WW German history continues... surprsingly fast-paced read so far.
Profile Image for Abe.
Author 9 books9 followers
June 15, 2010
A good synopsis of the divided Germany.
Profile Image for Kia.
96 reviews24 followers
October 28, 2012
A clear well written history of these years in a divided Germany.
Profile Image for Elizabeth.
16 reviews2 followers
July 19, 2015
10,000 meter view of recent German history.
Profile Image for Nicola.
127 reviews1 follower
May 15, 2016
Very useful for teachers and students studying Germany in the twentieth century. I read this to support my subject knowledge, teaching Edexcel Germany 1918-89 unit.
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