When I was a kid, I learned about the history of the American frontier mostly from reading Landmark Books like: The Landing of the Pilgrims; Pocahontas and Captain John Smith: The Story of the Virginia Colony; Daniel Boone: the Opening of the Wilderness; The Lewis and Clark Expedition; The Erie Canal; Trappers and Traders of the Far West; The Santa Fe Trail; Kit Carson and the Wild Frontier; The California Gold Rush; To California by Covered Wagon; The Pony Express; The Building of the First Transcontinental Railroad; and The Golden Age of Railroads. As these books were aimed at grade school readers, they were exciting and full of up-close and personal accounts of individual people. They were great reads—I loved Landmark Books—but in keeping with their target audience, they did give a simplified and incomplete account of American history.
When I checked out History of the American Frontier 1763-1893 from my local college library, I was expecting to read narratives similar to what was in those Landmark Books. But no—it was very different, giving a truly comprehensive history. Rather than telling the stories of famous pioneers, author Paxon discusses the economic, political, social, technological, and philosophical forces that drove the growth and development of the United States from thirteen English colonies on the eastern seaboard, to 48 contiguous states spanning the North American continent. These were forces I’d never considered before, nor had called to my attention, which is why I said the Landmark Books version of American history is overly-simplified. When I was a kid, I thought of the growth of the United States only in terms of hardy, intrepid pioneers heading ever-westward and carving farms out of raw untamed wilderness. It never occurred to me that this was first and foremost an economic endeavor, that wilderness land was bought and sold by someone, and that besides revolutions in technology (farm equipment, steamboats, railroads), revolutions in economic and financial mechanisms and political thinking were also required. The cover blurb states the book is “a marvelous tour de force,” and I have to agree this is not hyperbole. The book does an excellent job of presenting the Big Picture, portraying a detailed panorama rather than a series of vignettes. It’s no wonder it was the winner of the Pulitzer Prize.
One aspect of the book which was not apparent when it was first published is its fresh, objective viewpoint. History of the American Frontier 1763-1893 was originally published in 1924. This is only twelve years after the last of the contiguous 48 states (Arizona) achieved statehood (which the book covers, belying the end date in the title of 1893), so the process of taming and organizing the American continent was still in recent—indeed, in immediate—memory when the book was written and published. This results in the book not being subject to revisionist history writing and negative interpretation, which mars too many modern works of history. Given the current trend in academia of condemning America and Americans as deeply flawed, even downright evil, this objective viewpoint is refreshing. To be honest, when I saw the original publication date, I half-expected to find chauvinistic and maybe even racist opinions holding sway. But I am impressed by the scholarly tone maintained by the author, historian Frederic Logan Paxon. His account includes intrepid courage and sacrifice and risk-taking, but it also includes government and private corruption, cupidity, and oftentimes outright stupidity of the people in power, and it includes an objective assessment of the American treatment of Native Americans, of black slavery, and of members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the “Mormons.” Mr. Paxon does not shy away from nor does he sugar-coat the controversial—and often deplorable—actions of Americans, but a caveat to anyone reading this book: the treatment of, for example, the American Indian tribes is indeed described as appalling and regrettable, but the bottom line of Paxon’s analysis is that, given the profound differences in the two cultures, the extinguishing or subsuming of American Indian culture was inevitable. Paxon doesn’t glorify any of the misguided or downright malevolent actions committed in the settling of the continent, but he does state them simply as matters of fact.
The bottom line: The back cover of the paperback edition of History of the American Frontier 1763-1893 contains the statement, “This is a must-read for any student of American history.” This is a statement with which I wholeheartedly agree.