The analysis, development, and/or operation of high temperature processes that involve the production of ferrous and nonferrous metals, alloys, and refractory and ceramic materials are covered in the book. The innovative methods for achieving impurity segregation and removal, by-product recovery, waste minimization, and/or energy efficiency are also involved. Eight themes are presented in the 1: High Efficiency New Metallurgical Fundamental Research of Metallurgical Alloy and Materials Roasting, Reduction, and Sintering of Ores and Simulation and Treatment of Solid Slag/Wastes and Complex Microwave Heating, Energy, and Environment