Shepherd of the “Montes Hermínios,” at the head of the Lusitanians, fought victoriously against the Roman invaders, preserving Portuguese independence.
Montes Hermínios was the name given to the current Serra da Estrela territory.
Viriato was nothing like a shepherd. Instead, he was an influential leader of the Lusitanian people who lived and fought south of the Iberian Peninsula, from Alentejo to Spanish Extremadura and Andalusia.
Between 147 and 140 BC, he inflicted some defeats on the Romans, who eventually got the better of him after they murdered him by treason.
Coming from Central Europe, the Lusitanians were one of the many peoples that at the time inhabited the Peninsula, established in an area that extended to both sides of the current Portuguese-Spanish border. Already victorious, the Romans named Lusitânea a province of their empire that expanded into modern Spain, with the capital in Mérida.
However, in the 16th century, it began to be said and written that the Portuguese descended from the Lusitanos.
This fantasy was discarded in the 19th century by Alexandre Herculano. Still, for patriotic propaganda, it did not prevent the Estado Novo from resuming the idea that the Portuguese descended from the Lusitanians.
Honestly, we are a mixture of multiple peoples, where perhaps the Lusitanian component, but to a lesser extent than the Phoenician, Roman, Germanic, Arab, Berber, Jewish, and European at the time of the Crusaders, the African period of slavery, the French of the Napoleonic period or even Brazilian, the Ukrainian or the African of our days.
We owe much more to the Romans who organized us and from whom we inherited the language, who drank wine and ate wheat bread than to the Lusitanians, who had strange customs and spoke a lost language that would now be incomprehensible to us.
The historic Viriato is both “Portuguese” and “Spanish,” as it acted on both sides of a line that did not exist in its time.
The Cava de Viriato has nothing to do with the Caudilho Lusitano, although a small statue of him was erected there by the Estado Novo in 1940. Instead, it is a fortification from the Muslim period, with traces from the Roman period attesting to its use in earlier times.