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288 pages, Hardcover
Published September 24, 2024
"[Trump's] incessant lying inoculated both the Republican Party and white evangelicals against the effect of political and social shame. His capacity for duplicity extends so far beyond any concept of hypocrisy that the word 'hypocrite' doesn't even really apply; he has no morals to be hypocritical about, just ego and a desire to be worshipped that his followers (which include many evangelicals) are happy to fulfill. He made it acceptable to be unapologetically authoritarian, a trait evangelicalism needed no help cultivating ... In Trump, evangelicals found a resonant apocalypticism -- a belief that members of their in-group embody all that is good, that their enemies embody all that is evil, and they have to defeat their enemies by any means necessary to prevent society from falling into ruin."
"Proponents of the Social Gospel, for example, advocated for measures like labor reform and public services as a way to end socioeconomic inequality and make earth more like they imagined heaven to be. Per historian Kevin Kruse, they 'significantly reframed Christianity as a faith concerned less with personal salvation and more with the public good.'
Moody and others, in contrast, saw a different path toward alleviating suffering, one grounded in the capitalist framework called 'Christian work.' This approach 'presented individuals as the source of social ill and the primary means of potential change' and 'cultivated the idea that a business sensibility could strengthen both individual piety and Christian society by wedding robust emotions to strict self-control, in the name of an optimized relationship with God.' Essentially, the external markers of being a "good Christian" were individualism and self-reliance -- the same traits that would supposedly let a person succeed within capitalism."
"The expectation that the end of days was nigh conditioned believers to expect the world to get worse before the inevitable return of Jesus, which bred both apathy about their present earthly condition and a longing for an unrealized heavenly future."
"... hydrogen bombs, the population explosion, increasing crime, sexual perversion, homosexuality, immorality, dependence on pills and alcohol, political turmoil, and a lack of true faith. The most controversial movements of the day, such as feminism, civil rights, and the battle against communism, served as additional signs.
Lists liked these, as imagined by Graham and other evangelicals, cast the movement's political opponents -- who were often marginalized people advocating for equal rights -- as harbingers of the apocalypse. This cosmology takes evangelicalism's in-group identity formation to a logical extreme; outsiders aren't just strange or bad people, they're the literal end of the world."
"There is something inherently nihilistic about this pre-millenialist worldview. It puts so little emphasis on addressing societal ills -- why try to solve a difficult and unpleasant problem like segregation given that Christ is going to return at any moment and make it a moot point? Instead, an individual response to the gospel is necessary in order to assure individual salvation, and any large-scale issue, real or imagined, simply becomes another bit of proof to reinforce both your political opinions and your apocalypticism."
"Unlike his predecessors who published The Fundamentals, Billy Graham was not a scholar, he was an evangelist first and foremost. Yet he evangelized for the same principles: fundamentalist mores, capitalist apologetics, and a normative whiteness. These ideas coalesced in a school of thought known as Americanism, which Butler describes as 'pride in the nation, in the founders, in the Declaration of Independence, and the Constitution -- and most important, in the idea that America was a nation ordained by God to save the world.'"
"*** fill in context... I think this was after 9/11***
I remember how in that class that week, the professor showed us a newspaper headlines about long lines at local gas stations, which people had flocked to because they didn't know if gas supplies would be cut off. He chided any of us who'd filled up our tanks the day before for our lack of faith. It was pretty harsh for an audience of teenagers reacting to an unprecedented global event -- not to mention that, in retrospect, relying on God for the divine providence of gasoline of all things, is an almost comically American-capitalist expression of Christianity.
Contemporary white evangelicals bemoan 'cancel culture,' but in reality they have long practiced it. For the crime of asserting that God loves humanity enough to offer salvation to all, Bell's books were removed from Lifeway bookstores and other Christian retailers."
"my point is ... about evangelicalism. It's about the cruelty of a movement that happily forgets its theology to accommodate capitalism and whiteness but absolutely loses its mind when someone proposes the idea of a God who loves people outside the evangelical in-group."
"Trump's effect on evangelicalism extends far beyond his campaign and administration. His incessant lying inoculated both the Republican Party and white evangelicals against the effect of political and social shame. His capacity for duplicity extends so far beyond any concept of hypocrisy that the word 'hypocrite' doesn't even really apply; he has no morals to be hypocritical about, just ego and a desire to be worshipped that his followers (which include many evangelicals) are happy to fulfill. He made it acceptable to be unapologetically authoritarian, a trait evangelicalism needed no help cultivating."
"In Trump, evangelicals found a resonant apocalypticism -- a belief that members of their in-group embody all that is good, that their enemies embody all that is evil, and they have to defeat their enemies by any means necessary to prevent society from falling into ruin. The real-world consequences of this type of thinking became apparent in the QAnon conspiracy theory that ravaged evangelical churches and other communities. Though not explicitly Christian, it echoed dispensational premillennialism eerily closely, with tis fixation on secret signs and symbols that, if correctly interpreted, would reveal a higher plan to reward the faithful and punish the wicked."
"What part of vaccinations and other public health measures during a pandemic go against Christian doctrine? A century earlier, in response to the Spanish flu outbreak, churches of many denominations readily complied with governmental requests to suspend regular services in the interest of pubic health. But with Trump in power, the Christian bubble was more emboldened than ever to act in its self-interest without regard for anyone else's well-being. Especially during the peak of the pandemic, it was almost as if the rejection of reality became a tenet of the religion. Truth had become defined by what Trump and other in-group leaders said, not by the observable world."
"I think this 'spirituality of care' speaks directly to the lived experience of evangelicals in that it builds on the apocalyptic notions that still haunt our psyches, but it also returns to us our agency. The apocalyptic outlook is often part of our first worldview, and it stays with us even as we change. My undergraduate philosophy professor once asked us to look out the window and describe what we saw. After we did so, he commented that no one said, 'I see glass,; He said -- another metaphor -- that this is how our inherited worldviews work. We don't realize our vision is mediated by anything, even when that something is an impassable barrier."