Histoire de la réformation du seizième siècle, tome 1

Histoire de la Réformation du XVIe Siècle #1

by Jean-Henri Merle d'Aubigné

Ce n’est pas l’histoire d’un parti que je me propose d’écrire, c’est celle de l’une des plus grandes révolutions qui se soient opérées dans l’humanité, celle d’une impulsion puissante donnée, il y a trois siècles, au monde, et dont l’influence s’aperçoit encore partout de nos jours.

Genres: History, Church History, Theology, Christianity

448 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 1837

About the author

Jean-Henri Merle d'Aubigné (16 August 1794 – 21 October 1872) was a Swiss Protestant minister and historian of the Reformation.

D'Aubigné was born at Eaux Vives, a neighbourhood of Geneva. A street in the area is named after him. The ancestors of his father, Robert Merle d'Aubigné (1755–1799), were French Protestant refugees. The life Jean-Henri's parents chose for him was in commerce; but in college at the Académie de Genève, he instead decided on Christian ministry. He was profoundly influenced by Robert Haldane, the Scottish missionary and preacher who visited Geneva and became a leading light in Le Réveil, a conservative Protestant evangelical movement of spiritual revival.

When d'Aubigné went abroad to further his education in 1817, Germany was about to celebrate the tercentenary of the Reformation; and thus early he conceived the ambition to write the history of that great epoch. Studying at Berlin University for eight months 1817–1818, d'Aubigne received inspiration from teachers as diverse as J. A. W. Neander and W. M. L. de Wette.

In 1818, d'Aubigné took the post of pastor of the French Protestant church at Hamburg, where he served for five years. In 1823, he was called to become pastor of the Franco-German Brussels Protestant Church and preacher to the court of King William I of the Netherlands of the House of Orange-Nassau.

During the Belgian revolution of 1830, d'Aubigné thought it advisable to undertake pastoral work at home in Switzerland rather than accept an educational post in the family of the Dutch king. The Evangelical Society had been founded with the idea of promoting evangelical Christianity in Geneva and elsewhere, but a need arose for a theological seminary to train pastors. On his return to Switzerland, d'Aubigné was invited to become professor of church history in such a seminary, and he also continued to labor in the cause of evangelical Protestantism. In him the Evangelical Alliance found a hearty promoter. He frequently visited England, was made a D.C.L. v Oxford University, and received civic honours from the city of Edinburgh. He died suddenly in 1872.

The first portion of d'Aubigne's Histoire de la Reformation – History of the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century – which was devoted to the earlier period of the movement in Germany, i.e., Martin Luther's time, at once earned a foremost place among modern French ecclesiastical historians, and was translated into most European languages. The second portion, The History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin, dealing with reform in the French Reformer's sphere, exhaustively treats the subject with the same scholarship as the earlier work, but the second volume did not meet with the same success.

Among minor treatises authored by d'Aubigné, the most important are his vindication of the character and the aims of Oliver Cromwell, and his sketch of the trends of the Church of Scotland.

(From Wikipedia)

Reviews

[Wesley Kavanagh · Rating 5 out of 5]

Those who do not know history are doomed to repeat it. Every pastor/Bible teacher must have a good grasp of theology and church history. This work is the definitive, protestant history of the Reformation. A must read.
d'Aubigne is a descendant of French Protestants (Huguenots), and this comes out in his writing. In the edition that I read, (Sprinkle Publications reprint) which amounted to seven volumes, this is a read that will take years. But there are a couple of sections that I recommend. The first is the history of the Reformation during the time or Luther, and specifically the sections regarding Luther himself. d'Aubigne's descriptions of the Diet of Worms are legendary, and every serious student of church history must read them. The other sections I recommend have to do with Calvin. Calvin is sometimes portrayed as a hard and cold individual, but d'Aubigne paints him in a much more vibrant and colourful way, showing his emotions, passions, and humanity.
d'Aubigne is a 19th-century writer, so to the average reader he can be difficult. If you can get past this, you will enjoy him thoroughly.

[Sarah · Rating 5 out of 5]

If you liked The History of the Reformation in the Sixteenth Century, you'll be as excited as I was at finding out that there is a sequel, and a long sequel at that(8 Volumes). "The History of the Reformation in the Time of Calvin". The sad thing is that Merle D'Aubigne didn't live long enough to finish it. But he did get a lot done. In this history, we'll return to France, Germany, Switzerland and visit some new places, including: England, Scotland, Italy, Spain and Geneva.

What do you think of when you think of Geneva in connection with the Reformation? Calvin? The Geneva Bible? What about a fight for a Republic based on a constitution? That is where D'aubigne begins this work. Calvin isn't even at Geneva yet, nor has it been reformed. There is an evil bishop trying to gain control over the Republic, and there are disputes between the liberals and conservatives about giving up their liberties. If you find the History of the American Revolution interesting, then you might find this fight of Genevese to keep their political liberties interesting. In the midst of this violent political struggle in Geneva, the Gospel begins to enter and do its work among the people. Calvin doesn't come for quite a while, and even when he does, he his ejected from the city only to return later.

"What was the soul of the Reformation ? Truly, salvation by faith in Christ, who died to save - truly, the renewal of the heart by the word and the Spirit of God. But side by side with these supreme elements, that are found in all the Reformations, we meet with the secondary elements that have existed in one country and not in another. What we discover at Geneva may possibly deserve to fix the attention of men in our own days: the characteristic of the Genevese Reform is liberty.

If the empire of Charles V. Was the largest theatre in modern history, Geneva was the smallest. In the one case we have a vast empire, in the other a microscopical republic. But the smallness of the theatre serves to bring out more prominently the greatness of the actions: only superficial minds turn with contempt form a sublime drama because the stage is narrow and the representation void of pomp. To study great things in the small is one of the most useful exercises. What I have in view - and this is my apology - is not to describe a petty city of the Alps, for that would not be worth the labor; but to study in that city a history which is in the main a reflection of Europe, - of its sufferings, its struggles, its aspirations, its political liberties, and its religious transformations...

It is in this small republic that we find men remarkable for their devotion to liberty, for their attachment to law, for the boldness of their thoughts, the firmness of their character, and the strength of their energy. In the sixteenth century, after a repose of some hundreds of years, humanity having recovered its powers, like a field that had long lain fallow, displayed almost everywhere the marvels of the most luxuriant vegetation. Geneva is indeed the smallest theatre of this extraordinary fermentation; but it was not the least in heroism and grandeur, and on that ground alone it deserves attention."

We will also re-encounter William Farel and follow him in his perilous mission to preach the Gospel in Switzerland and thence to Geneva. We'll meet again with Marguerite De Navarre, and see her struggle with trying to support the preaching of the Gospel and yet please her brother the King of France at the same time. As D'Aubigne points out in contrasting Calvin and Marguerite, "while Calvin desires truth in the Church above all things, Margaret clings to the preservation of its unity, and thus becomes a noble representative of a system still lauded by some protestants - to reform the Church without breaking it up: a specious system, impossible to be realized." You'll be taken back in time to the beginnings of the preaching of the Gospel in England, Ireland and Scotland. And then go back to the Sixteenth century and see the King of England, his troubles with divorcing his wife Catherine, marrying Anne, her subsequent execution, the break with the Catholic Church...etc. D'aubigne will peak in at Luther and Melanchthon here and there too.

All in all it is just as good as his former work, and introduces more obscure, yet interesting, characters I had never heard of before.

[Jo Ksly]

Un excellent ouvrage sur la réforme protestante du XVIème siècle. La grande exhaustivité de l'auteur nous fait perdre parfois de vue la globalité du processus de réformation, et se transforme presque de temps en temps en biographie de Luther. Toutefois cela sert parfaitement le propos et la problématique de l'auteur, qui ne cherche pas seulement à raconter les faits, mais montre que ce processus est pleinement orchestré par le créateur.
Tout en étant le plus exhaustif possible dans les faits historiques, la lecture en reste agréable en vertu du style narratif de l'auteur.
Lecteur d'historiens contemporains, j'aurai parfois tout de même aimé trouver une analyse plus poussée des faits historiques, c'est à dire une histoire à peine moins descriptive.

[Maxime N. Georgel · Rating 5 out of 5]

Ce premier tome est divisé en deux livres.

Le premier traite de l’histoire de Genève avant la Réforme, de la tyrannie de son évêque prince et du duc de Savoie et de son heureuse alliance avec les suisses.

Le deuxième s’arrête sur les débuts de la Réforme en France avec Louis de Berquin, la duchesse d’Alençon (Marguerite, sœur de François Premier) et Lefèvre D’Estaples. Il raconte aussi l’histoire des premiers martyrs réformés et le début des tribulations de la foi véritable en notre pays.

Pour lire une notice biographique sur Louis de Berquin, rendez-vous ici :

http://parlafoi.fr/2019/02/07/illustr...

[Sarah · Rating 5 out of 5]

Jean Henri Merle D'aubigne's History of the Reformation in the Sixteenth Century is an excellent resource for anyone who wishes to know more about the Reformation. It is a long read (5 volumes), but worth the effort and time. In these books D'aubigne takes you on a trip through reformation history, visiting Germany, France, England... etc. He doesn't simply move through one country, finish it and then move on to the next, he visits countries again and again. First he will take you to Germany, stay there for a little while, and then he'll say something like "let us leave Luther a captive at the Wartburg and go see what is happening in Switzerland". After dealing with Switzerland he comes back to Germany and catches up on what is happening there, leave again, come back, and so on. And instead of merely recounting events,"this happened and then that happened", he'll often take you into, as it were, the different scenes in history, bringing 'to life' the different characters. For instance, when Luther is called to Augsburg to recant, you get to see and hear(or rather imagine while reading) Cardinal Cajetan ranting and yelling at Luther, Luther standing before him, very frustrated, trying to reply, finally getting some words in and trapping Cajetan with his own argument. Furthermore, D'aubigne uses several letters from the reformers, enemies of the reformers and their friends, and quotes historical documents, such as the Papal Bull, the 95 Theses and Tetzel's Theses, to help 'transport' you into history.

Perhaps the thing I like best about this historical work is that D'aubigne aims to show "God in History". He always acknowledges the sovereignty of God, that the events that he recounts are ordained, decreed, by God. Here are some excerpts from one of his introductions:

"Had the Reformation been what many Romanists and Protestants of our days imagine it, had it been that negative system of negative reason which, like a fretful child, rejects whatever is displeasing to it, and disowns the grand truths and leading ideas of universal Christianity, it would never have crossed the threshold of the schools, or been known beyond the narrow limits of the cloister or perhaps of the friar's cell. But with Protestantism, as many understand the word, it had no connexion. Far from being an emaciated, an enervated body, it rose up like a man full of strength and energy.

Two considerations will account for the suddenness and extent of this revolution. One must be sought in God; the other among men. The impulse was given by an invisible and mighty hand: the change accomplished was the work of Omnipotence. An impartial and attentive observer, who looks beyond the surface, must necessarily be led to this conclusion. But as God works by second causes, another task remains for the historian. Many circumstances which have often passed unnoticed, gradually prepared the world for the great transformation of the sixteenth century, so that the human mind was ripe when the hour of its emancipation arrived.

It is the historian's duty to combine these two great elements in the picture he presents to his readers. This has been my endeavour in the following pages. I shall be easily understood so long as I am occupied in investigating the secondary causes that concurred in producing the revolution I have undertaken to describe. Many perhaps will understand me less clearly, and will even be tempted to charge me with superstition, when I ascribe the completion of the work to God. It is a conviction, however, that I fondly cherish, These volumes, as well as the motto I have prefixed to them, lay down in the chief and foremost place this simple and pregnant principle: GOD IN HISTORY."

"In history, God should be acknowledged and proclaimed. The history of the world should be set forth as the annals of the government of the Sovereign King.
I have gone down into the lists wither the recitals of our historians have invited me. There I have witnessed the actions of men and of nations, developing themselves with energy, and contending in violent collision. I have heard a strange din of arms, but I have been nowhere shown the majestic countenance of the presiding Judge...
Shall we not recognize the hand of God in those grand manifestations, those great men, those mighty nations, which arise and start as it were from the dust of the earth, and communicate a fresh impulse, a new form and destiny to the human race? Shall we not acknowledge him in those heroes who spring from society at appointed epochs - who display a strength and activity beyond the ordinary limits of humanity...?"

"The epoch whose history I am desirous of retracing is important for the present generation. When a man becomes sensible of his own weakness, he is generally inclined to look for support in the institutions he sees flourishing around him, or else in the bold devices of his imagination. The history of the Reformation shows that nothing new can be made out of things old; and that if, according to our Savior's expression, we require new bottles for new wine, we must also have new wine for new bottles. It directs man to God as the universal agent in history, - to that Divine word, ever old by the eternal nature of the truths it contains, ever new by the regenerative influence that it exerts; which purified society three centuries ago, which restored faith in God to souls enfeebled by superstition, and which, at every epoch in the history of man, is the fountain whence floweth salvation."

"I address this history to those who love to see past events exactly as they occurred, and not by the aid of that magic glass of genius which colors and magnifies, but which sometimes also diminishes and changes them. Neither the philosophy of the eighteenth nor the romanticism of the nineteenth century will guide my judgments or supply my colors. he history of the Reformation is written in the spirit of the work itself. Principles, it is said, have no modesty. It is their nature to rule, and they steadily assert their privilege. Do they encounter other principles in their paths that would dispute their nature to rule, and they steadily assert their privilege. Do they encounter other principles in their paths that would dispute their empire, they give battle immediately. A principle never rests until it has gained the victory; and it cannot be otherwise - with it to reign is to live. If it does not reign supreme, it dies. Thus, at the same time that I declare my inability and unwillingness to enter into rivalry with other historians of the Reformation, I make an exception in favour of the principles on which this history is founded, and I firmly maintain their superiority.

Up to this hour we do not possess, as far as I am aware, any complete history of the memorable epoch that is about to employ my pen. Nothing indicated that this deficiency would be supplied when I began this work. This is the only circumstance that could have induced me to undertake it, and I here put it forward as my justification. This deficiency still exists; and I pray to Him from whom cometh every good and perfect gift, to grant that this humble work may not be profitless to my readers." END QUOTES

For further incitement to read this work, here is a review of one of D'aubigne's historys by F. Godet:"What difference there is between the perusal of a work of this kind and that of one of the religious novels with which our public is now satiated. In these latter, notwithstanding all the good-will of the authors, there is always, or nearly always, something unwholesome. Imagination, that admirable gift of God, is employed to transport us into the chiaro-osouro(?) of fictitious scenes, which communicate a kind of fascination from which it is difficult to emerge, to return to the humdrum of every-day life, and to confine ourselves to the narrow limits of our every-day duties. Here on the contrary we find the full light of historic truth, imagination restored to its true object - that of giving life to real facts. The faith of this martyr, it really struggled, really triumphed - this blood, it really flowed - this pile, its flames lighted up the surrounding country, but in so doing they really consumed their victim. When we read these true histories our hearts do not swell with vain ambition or aspire to an inaccessible ideal. We do not say: "If I were this one, or that one." We are obliged to commune with ourselves, to examine our consciences, to humble ourselves with the question: What would become of me if I were called to profess my faith through similar sufferings? Each on of us is thus called to less self-complacency, to greater humility, but at the same time to greater contentment with his lot, to greater anxiety to serve his God with greater faithfulness and greater activity..."

I would also recommend the lesser known sequel: The History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin It's 8 volumes, so it's rather long....but worth the read!

[Brendan · Rating 5 out of 5]

Recently I was talking to someone about what to believe from the many things that we get presented with each day. My thesis was that older information is more likely to be reliable since it will have been critiqued to death by now if it wasn't. Its a generalisation of course. In the case of Merle d'Aubigne's masterpiece, the reliability of the information it contains is one of the things that attracts me to it.

The best thing about this history is that it combines in-depth understanding and research of original writings and materials with being written from the viewpoint of a believer in Christ. All the way through the 20 books that make up Merle's first 5 volumes (I haven't read his sequel yet), he points out the way God directed and inspired the people of those significant years (he only deals with the period from about 1500 -1530).

His first 4 volumes deal with the Reformation in Europe and the 5th volume with the reformation in England under Henry VIII. Most of the first 2 volumes explain the origins of the reformation in Germany and concentrates on Luther and Melancthon in their early days. The third and fourth volumes describe the reformations in Switzerland and France as well as including their interactions with the German reformation.

Merle wrote 300 years after the events and 200 years ago. At that time it was still accepted practice to describe the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church as the Anti-Christ or Man of Sin and the Roman Catholic Church itself as the whore Babylon. Whatever about in Merle's time or ours, there was never any doubt among the reformers about what they had to deal with. So many of them were martyred / murdered by the inquisitors and others acting under command of the Pope that they couldn't see things any other way. Just possessing parts of the bible in English was enough to have you burnt at the stake there. The Spanish inquisition is the only reason Spain remained Roman Catholic at that time according to its Grand Inquisitor. You can read about this and a lot more reasons why they thought this way in these books.

[Andy Febrico Bintoro · Rating 5 out of 5]

Surprisingly this is a good book, a good narrative. This is a work of history, but I didn't feel bored at all, though I already understand the main plot because I read many similar books before. This volume contains history of Reformation even in the fifteenth century, and the boom was with Martin Luther.

[Canny Tay · Rating 4 out of 5]

An interesting discovery about the reformers' lives.

[Светлана · Rating 2 out of 5]

Too long to be useful. I read about 5 chapters of this with great effort. I am new to studying the Reformation, so I was spending hours reading this, and had gotten to 11%. Then I went to the library and saw a hard copy, and I realized there are 5 more volumes in D'Aubigne's book. I had read about 2% of the full book! It would take me forever to read all six volumes—he is too wordy and spends too long making a point. I don't mind theological rabbit trails in the least, but there are probably more rabbit trails here than real history.

I also found his scholarship on John Hus was not the best, but that could also be a product of the time he lived in.

I will have to find other recommendations to read about the Reformation. Comment if you have one!

[Светлана · Rating 3 out of 5]

Simply too long to be useful. I don't mind lengthy books but he repeats himself with every possible turn of phrase. The introductory thoughts on Reformation were helpful, but when the conceptualization dragged on for chapter after chapter, my patience ceased. I also found specifically in researching John Hus that D'Aubigne used a poor translation of Hus' letters, with overdrawn conclusions. When I found that put while studying Luther and Matthew Spinka's work, I decided to move on to something else.

[Tom · Rating 4 out of 5]

A good book on the history of an event or of an era should start by telling what led up to then. D'Aubigne does this in spades with this first volume. Going back decades, he shows the ecclesiastical struggles within Geneva and the impact upon the people. In God's good providential, this paved the way for Calvin and the teachings of the Reformation.

[Tori]

This one is going to take a while...