I haven't dipped into the Puritans for some time, but this was a great book to reignite my enthusiasm for these spiritual giants. Bunyan's objective is to "display the riches of divine grace and mercy to the greatest sinners...it is to those who feel themselves to be such, and who make a proper estimate of their own characters, as in the sight of God, that the gracious proclamations of the gospel are peculiarly directed." Bunyan riffs on this theme for some 120 pages, with that curiously Puritan combination of intense attention to detail and earthy, vivid prose.
He talks much of great sinners, and of the amazing good news of the gospel to those who have sinned long, grievously, and notoriously. But lest we conclude that "small" sinners need not worry, Bunyan points out that, "Comparatively little sins before conviction, when seen in the glass of God's law, and in his holy presence, become great ones. Those who feel themselves to be great sinners are peculiarly invited to the arms of the Saviour, who saves to the uttermost all that come unto him; and it is thus peculiar consolation is poured in, and the broken heart is bound up."
He also gives strong warnings against presumption, and for the need of repentance to accompany faith, "Repentance is joined here with faith, in the way of receiving the gospel. Faith is that without which it cannot be received at all; and repentance that without which it cannot be received unfeignedly." Similarly, presumption is that which severs faith from repentance, "concluding that the soul shall be saved by grace, though the man was never made sorry for his sins, nor the love of the heart turned therefrom."
With regards to Bunyan's vividness, he following passage was particularly memorable In it, he expands on the idea of Christ as a doctor who, uniquely, can cure what ails us: "Physicians get neither name nor fame by pricking of pimples, or picking out thistles, or by laying of plasters to the scratch of a pin; every old woman can do this. But if they would have a name and a fame, if they will have it quickly, they must, as I said, do some great and desperate cures. Let them fetch one to life that was dead; let them recover one to his wits that was mad; let them make one that was born blind to see; or let the, give ripe wits to a fool: these are notable cures, and he that can do thus, and if he doth thus first, he shall have the name and fame he desires; he may lie in bed till noon."
I can do no better than to finish with some more words from Bunyan himself, which will warm the soul of any Christian:
"The penitent, humble, broken-hearted sinner, be his transgressions red as scarlet, red like crimson, in number as the sand; though his transgressions cry to heaven against him for vengeance, and seem there to cry louder than do his prayers, or tears, or groans for mercy; yet he is safe. To this man God will look."
N.B. The Banner of Truth Puritan Paperbacks edition helpfully includes an outline summary of the book, which follows the familiar pattern of Doctrine / Use:
Why is mercy first offered to the biggest sinners?
- Because they have the greatest need.
- Because, when they receive it, this brings the most fame to Christ's name.
- Because others, hearing of it, will be more encouraged to come to Christ.
- Because this most weakens the kingdom of Satan.
- Because, when converted, the biggest sinners are the biggest helps to the tempted and the weak (they have had great contests with the devil at their parting from him; and they have great knowledge of his secrets and workings).
- Because, when converted, they are apt to love Christ most.
- Because when grace finds more matter to kindle on in them than in other sinners.
- Because the impenitent will be left all the more without excuse.
Application:
If Christ first offers mercy to the biggest sinners:
- This shows us how to judge rightly of Christ's gracious intentions towards men.
- This shows us the sufficiency of the merits of Christ to save the worst sinners.
- This encourages those who think their sins are too great to be forgiven.
- This gives arguments to use with unconcerned sinners to urge them to come to Christ.
- This shows the unreasonableness of despairing of mercy.
- This affords a warning against presumption.
- This gives a warrant for 'little' sinners to come to Christ for mercy.
- This explains the malice and the tactics of Satan against Christ and sinners.
- This gives help and consolation to those who are tempted.
- This gives help to those who have sinned against conscience in time of trial.
- This shows how ministers should behave towards sinners and how all believers should love one another.
Answers to the fear as a sinner:
- That his day of grace is past.
- That he is not of the elect.
- That he has committed the unpardonable sin.
- Final encouragement to receive Christ and his benefits.