First, let’s start with the good, because For the Culture is filled with it. Marcus Collins is the head of strategy at Wieden+Kennedy, and no wonder, the guy is dazzling. He’s also a professor of marketing at the University of Michigan, and it shows—his book is packed with information clearly and engagingly explained, and laid out almost like a course.
Collins starts by introducing concepts from social psychology, providing us with a solid foundation for what comes next. There are simply too many insights for me to do For the Culture justice, but this excerpt should give you a pretty good idea of what the book is about:
“… tribes are real. They’re made up of real people, and people use them to communicate who they are and demarcate how they fit in the world. Segments, on the other hand, are not real. They are a construct that marketers create where people are placed into homogeneous-like groups based on a loose proxy that helps us identify who they are and predict what they are likely to do. Segments are clean and neat. But real people are complex and messy.
Unfortunately, this delineation is often lost on marketers, who rely on demographics to describe people based on their age, race, gender, household income, geography, and education. Demographics provide discrete boxes to put people into and help us make the world neat. But here’s the thing: demographics, while factual, don’t accurately describe who people are.
Demographics never get close enough to capture the nuances that make me who I truly am. However, my tribes do, which makes tribes a better means of segmenting the market than demographics. Plus, people self-identify by their tribes and adhere to the cultural characteristics of the tribes, and of the congregation more broadly. Therefore, our behaviors are much more likely to be predictive of the behaviors of people like us than the fictional boxes that marketers construct. Through this lens, segmentation and targeting become very clear. We divide the market into two segments: those who believe and those who do not. We then target the believers, who are more inclined to move, and move on past the nonbelievers.”
Collins explains you can’t tell tribes how to feel about your product or service, you have to essentially join the tribe to see how they think, and then tailor your message so they can make their own meaning from it. He shares some brilliant examples of work he did for Brooklyn’s Barclays Center, McDonald’s, and other brands. I don’t call them brilliant lightly, either—they’re pretty much masterpieces of brand marketing.
Which leads me to the bad: Collins ends his book with an entreaty to use this knowledge for good. He writes, “It’s through stories that we preach the gospel to the congregation—the collection of people who see the world the way we do. For this reason alone, we bear a great responsibility when we use storytelling as a vessel to preach the gospel… Now that you have the skills, you have an implicit responsibility to use them ethically, realizing that the ramifications of our stories can have a long-lasting material effect on people.” Sounds great, right? But if we go back to the examples I mentioned above, you can’t help but notice a serious gap between what Collins does and what he asks us to do.
In the Barclays Center example, he describes that there was great opposition to the stadium being built in Brooklyn because of the potential environmental impact on the area and the displacement of long-standing businesses and homeowners. Collins’s solution? A campaign appealing to Brooklyn pride through which locals start identifying with their new team (the Brooklyn Nets, a middling New Jersey basketball team relocating to go with the stadium). Support for the new stadium surged. Did this help the businesses and homeowners from being displaced? Did it in any way lessen the environmental impact? Of course not, but Barclays got what it wanted.
And then there’s McDonald’s. Plagued by the fallout from Morgan Spurlock’s Super Size Me, lawsuits from obese customers, and the utter failure of their attempts at a healthier menu, the burger chain was in trouble. Collins came to the rescue with a heartwarming and very relatable campaign in which celebrities shared their usual orders at McDonald’s, helping consumers see themselves as part of a tribe that includes their idols. Obesity be damned, McDonald’s was back in business.
We don’t read marketing books for lessons in morality, and this is why—many marketers are blind, or at least very near-sighted, when it comes to the broad effects of our work, instead we take pride in doing a good job in reaching our clients' goals and lose sight of the big picture.
TL;DR A brilliant book on how to leverage subcultures to embrace and evangelize your brand, marred only by a feeble plea for ethics that the author himself doesn’t live up to.