The old Christmas traditions of merrie England clearly held a powerful attraction for Washington Irving. In his Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (1819-20), he included, along with much better-known works like “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,” five sketches setting forth his favorable impressions of a traditional English Christmas celebration that he had the good fortune to witness while traveling in Yorkshire one December.
The Sketch Book vaulted Irving to instant literary fame, and helped make him the first American author who was able to support himself solely through the income from his writing. Yet it was not until 1875, sixteen years after Irving’s 1859 death, that those five Christmas sketches were published on their own as Old Christmas; and in that independent capacity, they provide a pleasant accompaniment to the holiday season.
The edition that I would recommend is the one that I have before me, published by (appropriately enough) the Sleepy Hollow Press of Tarrytown, New York. A helpful foreword by Andrew B. Myers of Fordham University establishes the historical and social context within which the Macmillan publishing company of London published the five Christmas sketches as the book Old Christmas, with evocative illustrations by Randolph Caldecott.
Myers’s foreword also helped me to reconsider Irving’s work in its entirety. On a first reading of The Sketch Book, I found that I sometimes lost patience with Irving’s seeming eagerness to talk about how everything in England was wonderful simply because it was old. Myers argues persuasively, however, that Irving’s world-view is best regarded as a measured appreciation for all that has proven to be of lasting value: “Ubi sunt – where are? – the tested ways of old, is a theme in much of Irving’s canon” (e).
As I see it, that means that Irving’s conservatism was a conservatism of temperament, and was not of the red-state kind; had he been living in the early 21st rather than the early 19th century, he would not have been posting to "Truth Social" or wearing a MAGA hat.
The American Irving’s reverence for England’s “tested ways of old” takes on particular significance when one considers that, just four years before the publication of The Sketch Book, Great Britain and the United States of America had been at war. The War of 1812 may seem like a “small” war by modern standards – my English father-in-law was not even taught anything about it when he was growing up in Essex – but, like all wars, it killed people (about 20,000 of them), and left much bitterness in its wake. In that context, as Myers puts it, “Irving’s festive message, in troubled transatlantic times, for these recent foes, was to all readers of good will” (d). These five Christmas sketches, in their quiet way, may have done much to encourage favorable feelings between Britons and Americans. Promoting peace on earth, goodwill toward all - what could be more in the Christmas spirit than that?
The five sketches themselves, working as what Myers calls “a deliberate effort to praise anew ancient Noël folkways [Irving] felt in danger of disappearing” (e), work surprisingly well as an independent little book of their own. In a conventional publication, they would not take up much space at all; I own the Penguin Books edition of The Sketch Book (helpfully re-titled The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Other Stories), and in that book the five Christmas sketches take up only 44 pages, from pp. 147-91. In order for Old Christmas to fill out the 159 pages of the edition I hold before me, the publishers had to adopt a number of clever stratagems: the book is relatively small in size, the typeface is large, the line spacing is generous, and the illustrations are many. But it would be Grinchy or Scroogelike to dwell at too much length on such things; so let us be generous, and hurry on to the tales themselves.
The first of the sketches, “Christmas,” frames Old Christmas well, with a claim that many readers, especially at this time of year, would no doubt agree with: “Of all the old festivals…that of Christmas awakens the strongest and most heartfelt associations” (3). In the second, “The Stage Coach,” Irving describes a Christmas Eve stagecoach journey through Yorkshire, praises English coachmen as a “very numerous and important class of functionaries, who have a dress, a manner, a language, an air, peculiar to themselves” (22), and tells of how a chance meeting with an English friend named Frank Bracebridge resulted in an invitation to the Bracebridges’ Yorkshire estate for an old-fashioned English Christmas.
The third of the sketches, “Christmas Eve,” enables us to spend December 24th in the company of Frank Bracebridge’s father, “The Squire,” a decidedly old-school country gentleman who “prides himself upon keeping up something of old English hospitality” (pp. 43-44), and “even regrets sometimes that he had not been born a few centuries earlier, when England was itself, and had its peculiar manners and customs” (p. 45). The fourth, “Christmas Day,” takes us through the elaborate rituals, both religious and secular, of December 25th at the Bracebridge estate, a time when “Everything conspired to produce kind and happy feelings in this stronghold of old-fashioned hospitality” (p. 79). And the fifth and last of the sketches, “The Christmas Dinner,” may well whet the reader’s appetite for some gustatory Christmas cheer of his or her own, given the loving detail with which Irving sets forth the holiday foods and drinks enjoyed by Squire Bracebridge and his guests.
The text and illustrations of Old Christmas complement one another well. Illustrator Caldecott does fine when interpreting the broad, caricature-like strokes with which Irving delineates minor characters, but his work shines when he depicts people who are young and in love. Caldecott’s health was always poor, and he was only 40 years old when he died; and when I look at the beautiful young women of his illustrations, I can’t help but think that Caldecott was feeling intimations of mortality, expressing his own sense that he would never get the chance to grow old with the woman he loved.
As for Irving’s text, the great son of New York’s Hudson River Valley excels at description, and conveys energetically the Yuletide interactions among the residents of, and visitors to, Bracebridge Hall. At the same time, I sense a tension between, on the one hand, Irving’s disposition to revere the ways of old, and, on the other hand, his pride in being a citizen of a young country where innovation and new ways of thinking are prized.
Case in point: I get a strong feeling that Irving does not approve when he quotes Squire Bracebridge talking of how “The nation…is altered; we have almost lost our simple true-hearted peasantry. They have broken asunder from the higher classes, and seem to think their interests are separate. They have become too knowing, and begin to read newspapers, listen to alehouse politicians, and talk of reform” (p. 109).
After all, one does not have to be a card-carrying member of the I.W.W. to ask, in response to the Squire’s disapproving words: Is there anything wrong with a “simple, true-hearted peasant” wanting to improve his or her lot in life? Or to read newspapers? Or to take an interest in politics? Or – saints preserve us! – to believe that some elements of society may need reforming?
Old Christmas is a fun holiday read; and as Myers points out in his foreword, it can be linked with other Christmas classics that helped set the tone for how the holiday season would be celebrated in North America and Western Europe – Clement Clarke Moore’s poem “A Visit From Saint Nicholas” (1823), for example, or Charles Dickens’s novella A Christmas Carol (1843). If you are disposed to make merry during the holiday season, then Irving’s little book certainly deserves a place in your stocking.