Tao Lin’s Teipei could be a Trojan horse bringing alt-lit into the mainstream, or it could be a rejection of the form by its most acclaimed proponent. Even before its UK release, the novel has polarised opinion; appropriately for a piece of literature so concerned with social media use, the amount of internet-chat it has generated makes it extremely difficult to come to Taipei with an open mind. It is basically impossible to disassociate the author from the work - the novel’s protagonist Paul is a thinly-veiled figura for Tao Lin himself, and many of the situations will be familiar to followers of his blogs and Twitter feed. On this evidence, the death of the author was proclaimed too soon, failing to anticipate Facebook, youtube and all the other channels for online self-invention. If the cultural references of Taipei are ultra-modern, though, Tao Lin’s concerns are quite traditional. His narrator is a young man searching for a coherent identity. He has rejected the outmoded world of his parents, but the culture of his own generation is not yet fully-formed, and fails to satisfy.
Taipei is also rather traditional stylistically. There are none of the screenshots, tweets or text-speak that make up the alt-lit stereotype. Instead, Tao Lin brings the thoughtful qualities of his best poems to bear, infusing his ennui with a certain beauty. Early on, as Paul and his girlfriend walk down the street, people ‘pass unknowingly between them, like a slow, amorphous flickering’. The prose of the opening chapter is extremely dense with meaning. Whilst the milieu (magazine launch parties in Chelsea art galleries) is immediately obnoxious, and the first references to pop-culture icons (Michael Jackson and Che Guevara) appear early on, there is a richness to Tao Lin’s writing, and Paul’s search for something to ‘endure and overpower his negativity’.
Bret Easton Ellis is a common reference point for Tao Lin, but there is a significant difference in the characters they create. In Ellis’s best work, his subjects exemplify their cultures, and use this skill to exploit the lesser beings around them. Patrick Bateman, for example, took the greed and ruthlessness of his environment to its logical conclusion, whilst the protagonists of The Rules of Attraction display the same traits of dominance, albeit with less murderous intent. In Taipei, by contrast, the characters struggle to get to grips with the world they inhabit. At one point, Paul memorably realises that he is ‘three or four skill sets away from comprehension, like an amoeba trying to create a personal website using CSS’. If he is unable to cope with New York, he is equally out of place in his native Taiwan: he is ‘not fluent enough for conversations with strangers – and he wasn’t close to his relatives, with whom conversations were brief and non-advancing’.
Time is extremely important in Taipei. In his novel A Virtual Love, released earlier this year, Andrew Blackman used an inherited grandfather clock to differentiate between the speed of life in the analogue world and the digital. Here, you get a sense of life lived entirely on digital time: characters fall down internet holes on a regular basis, and this habit spills over into their physical interactions as well, giving their existence a sense of aimless drift. Early on, Paul is confronted by his girlfriend saying ‘I’m waiting for you. You said you wanted to leave an hour ago’. Later, Paul begins to check gmail, Twitter and Facebook on a cycle, before ‘he noticed with confusion, having thought it was am, that it was 4.46pm’. There is a strange mutation of existentialism at play. With a bloodstream which has become ‘a chemical system of klonopin and valium and alcohol’, Paul’s memory is blotted out, forcing him to live in the present. Thus, when he does make decisions, they are often rash and short term, as in his Vegas wedding to Erin, and rarely bear fruit in the long-term, as in his numerous abortive film projects.
Paul’s interactions are always mediated through drugs and technology. The characters in Taipei tweet and google chat to one another whilst in the same room, and Paul and Erin attempt to understand Taiwan by posing as documentary workers, making sarcastically anthropological comments about the staff and customers of fast food restaurants. The process of creating a public persona is laid bare, as Paul films himself on a variety of drugs, deciding which images of himself to release via social media. Paul’s mother belongs to a different culture, which values sober and unmediated contact with the physical world. She accesses memories Paul has shut himself off from, filling his room with childhood photographs, and trying to act as a conscience, warning him of the dangers of his drug use. You sense that she is fighting a losing battle, however. The Taipei that Paul and Erin encounter in the closing chapters is an Americanised culture, with strip malls, McDonalds and late-night shopping.
Throughout Taipei, there is a sense of the author playing games with his audience, constantly trying to provoke a reaction. As Paul’s sense of alienation deepens, Tao Lin ratchets up the alt-lit cultural references, cramming Rilo Kiley, the film Go, Fuck Buttons and Marina Abramovic into a couple of paragraphs, as if confronting his readers with the emotional and literary limitations of the genre. Later, as Paul gives a reading, he notes that ‘the audience laughed every time a drug was mentioned, like most of them were on drugs, which was probably true’. The use of cultural sign-posts is one of alt-lit’s most distinctive traits, so this sending-up seems designed to provoke howls of dismay from loyal readers. This playfulness is also shown in quirks like Tao Lin’s tabloid-esque character introductions (‘Lucie, 23, introduced herself and Amy, 23, and Daniel, 25').
It's possible that while Tao Lin refuses to probe beneath the surface of Pau's drug use, family relationships or work ethic, he does use him to explore the relationship between author and fan. The women in Paul's life pander to him, reduced to mumbled banalities in his presence; Laura 'meekly' exits the flat after being given some construction paper, Erin reassures him that he is 'good at everything'. Paul's ideas are rarely challenged by anyone other than his mother. Is it this level of hero-worship that leaves Paul feeling so distant from the world of normal human interaction? His response to criticism is to shut his mother off for specified periods of time, a punishment for intruding on his sheltered existance. Paul's money and cultural status remove him from the world of responsibility, to a point where laws no longer really apply to him, and he feels free to take ecstasy and cocaine with him on international flights. Is Taipei a means of courting criticism, to tear down the idea of Tao Lin as the alt-lit golden boy? Or a critique of the elevated status enjoyed by artists?
All in all, Taipei is a fascinating novel, if not always a satisfactory one. The barriers that Paul puts up between himself and his contempories also act as a barrier between character and reader; skilful writing about alienation can in itself be alienating. If you like to empathise with characters, or like them, this isn't a book for you. At times Taipei resembles Bret Easton Ellis’s Lunar Park, with its accounts of drug-addled book tours and private alienation, although it doesn’t possess the manic energy of Ellis’s book. The novel has been described as a bildungsroman, but Paul’s future is unclear at the end - the settings and cast change, but Paul’s sense of disconnection is constant, and as the narrative progresses, the level of medication required to maintain his zoned-out equilibrium increases. Globalisation, and the advance of technology, has left Paul out of touch with the world of his parents, but without providing a workable alternative. In the end, he is an impotent existentialist, living for the moment, yet unable to seize it.